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Lawren's Science
Chapter 9 Earth's Changing Surface
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Descibe the Earth's crust | -Earth's outermost and thinnest layer -2 types of crust are continental and oceanic |
| What is the mantle of the Earth? | -the layer that makes up most of Earth's material -top part is made of solid hot rock |
| Describe the Earth's core and its parts. | -at the very center of Earth -made of mainly iron -temperature is very hot! -inner core solid -outer core is liquid |
| What makes up the lithosphere? | -formed by the top part of the mantle and the crust -covers all of earth like a thin shell -broken into several large sections and many small sections -a section of this is called a plate |
| Tell what a plate is and describe how it moves. | -a section of the lithosphere -move slowly -move in 3 ways: 1)apart 2) together and 3) past each other |
| How does the slow movement of Earths plates cause changes to the Earth's surface? | -causes mountains being built -valleys being formed |
| Describe what happens during the quick movements of an earthquake. | -mountains form -volcanos erupt |
| Tell what a plate boundary is and name the 3 types. | -edges of plates -converging boundaries -spreading boundaries -sliding boundaries |
| Describe a converging boundary plate. | -when two plates collide and mountains are made |
| Describe a spreading plate boundary. | -under the Atlantic Ocean -in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge -low area between plates in rift valley -plates spread and oceans become wider |
| Describe a sliding plate boundary. | -plates move fast past each other in opposite directions |
| Where do earthquakes usually happen? | -happen at faults -occur at faults/cracks along plate boundaries -occur far below the ground |
| What is a fault? | -cracks that are in Earth's crust |
| What is a focus? | -a place where plates start to slip |
| What is an epicenter? | -a place on Earth's surface above a focus where the plates in Earth's surface begin to slip |
| Tell what a landslide is. | -a downhill movement of large amounts of rock and soil |
| Describle what can happen during a earthquake and how to protect against them. | -injuries due to buildings being damaged -steel cables and bars are added to buildings for strength -some buildings are designed to be flexible to bend with an earthquake |
| What is a tsunami? | -are caused by earthquakes -waves that can be large enough to destroy things when they crash into a coast line |
| Describe a volcano. | -formed near colliding plate boundaries -a plate moves below another plate -rock partially melts to make magma -magma pushes to the surface through a weak spot in the crust and oozes fountains of lava |
| What is a volcanic island? | -on the ocean floor -formed when a volcano reaches the surface of the water |
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