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Astronomy pt2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| photosphere | the luminous envelope of a star from which its light and heat radiate. |
| chromosphere | a reddish gaseous layer immediately above the photosphere of the sun or another star |
| corona | the rarefied gaseous envelope of the sun and other stars. The sun's corona is normally visible only during a total solar eclipse when it is seen as an irregularly shaped pearly glow surrounding the darkened disk of the moon. |
| solar wind | The solar wind is a stream of energized, charged particles, primarily electrons and protons, flowing outward from the Sun, through the solar system at speeds as high as 900 km/s and at a temperature of 1 million degrees (Celsius). It is made of plasma. |
| sun spot | Sunspot is a Ruby library for expressive, powerful interaction with the Solr search engine. |
| prominence | Also called solar prominence. Astronomy. an eruption of a flamelike tongue of relatively cool, high-density gas from the solar chromosphere into the corona where it can be seen during a solar eclipse or by observing strong spectral lines in its emissiom |
| solar flare | a brief eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface, associated with sunspots and causing electromagnetic disturbances on the earth, as with radio frequency communications and power line transmissions. |
| aurora | a natural electrical phenomenon characterized by the appearance of streamers of reddish or greenish light in the sky, usually near the northern or southern magnetic pole. |
| nuclear fission | Nuclear fission is the main process generating nuclear energy. Radioactive decay of both fission products and transuranic elements formed in a reactor yield heat even after fission has ceased. |
| constellataiton | In modern astronomy, a constellation is a specific area of the celestial sphere as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). These areas had their origins in Western-traditional asterisms from which the constellations take their names. |
| binary star | A binary star is a star system consisting of two stars orbiting around their common center of mass. Systems of two, three, four, or even more stars are called multiple star systems. |
| lightyear | a unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year, which is 9.4607 × 1012 km (nearly 6 trillion miles). |
| apparent magnitude | The apparent magnitude (m) of a celestial object is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, adjusted to the value it would have in the absence of the atmosphere. The brighter an object appears, the lower its magnitude value. |
| absolute magnitude | Image result for absolute magnitudeastro.unl.edu Absolute magnitude is the measure of intrinsic brightness of a celestial object. It is the hypothetical apparent magnitude of an object at a standard distance of exactly 10.0 parsecs |
| main sequence star | Main sequence stars fuse hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores. About 90 percent of the stars in the universe, including the sun, are main sequence stars. These stars can range from about a tenth of the mass of the sun to up to 200 times |
| red giant | a very large star of high luminosity and low surface temperature. Red giants are thought to be in a late stage of evolution when no hydrogen remains in the core to fuel nuclear fusion. |
| super giant | a very large star that is even brighter than a giant, often despite being relatively cool. |
| cepheid varible | A Cepheid variable (/ˈsɛfiːɪd/ or /ˈsiːfiːɪd/) is a star that pulsates radially, varying in both temperature and diameter to produce brightness changes with a well-defined stable period and amplitude. |
| nova | a star showing a sudden large increase in brightness and then slowly returning to its original state over a few months. |
| nebulae | A nebula (Latin for "cloud"; pl. nebulae, nebulæ, or nebulas) is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any diffuse astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. |
| hertzsprung-russell diagram | The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, abbreviated H–R diagram or HRD, is a scatter graph of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes or luminosities versus their spectral classifications or effective temperatures. |
| protostar | A protostar is a large mass that forms by contraction of the gas of a giant molecular cloud in the interstellar medium. The protostellar phase is an early stage in the process of star formation. For a one solar-mass star it lasts about 10,000,000 years |
| supernova | A supernova is a stellar explosion that briefly outshines an entire galaxy, radiating as much energy as the Sun or any ordinary star is expected to emit over its entire life span, before fading from view over several weeks or months. |
| white dwarf | a white dwarf, also called a degenerate dwarf, is a stellar remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter a white dwarf is very dense: its mass is comparable to that of the Sun, and its volume is comparable to that of Earth a white dwarf's faint. |
| neutron star | A neutron star is a type of compact star that can result from the gravitational collapse of a massive star after a supernova. Neutron stars are the densest and smallest stars known to exist in the universe; |
| pulsar | a celestial object, thought to be a rapidly rotating neutron star, that emits regular pulses of radio waves and other electromagnetic radiation at rates of up to one thousand pulses per second. |
| blackhole | A black hole is a geometrically defined region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—including particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it. |
| galaxy | a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction. |
| hubbles law | Expanding Universe. The distant galaxies we see in all directions are moving away from the Earth, as evidenced by their red shifts. Hubble's law describes this expansion. |
| big bang theory | a theory that deduces a cataclysmic birth of the universe (big bang) from the observed expansion of the universe, cosmic background radiation, abundance of the elements, and the laws of physics. |
Created by:
Mailman15
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