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Astronomy Part 2
Second part of astronomy vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Photosphere | the visible surface of the sun |
| Chromosphere | thin layer of the sun's atmosphere, located above the photosphere. glows red |
| Corona | outermost layer of the sun, a plasma that reaches millions of kilometers into space |
| Solar Wind | high speed protons and electrons that fly through space from the sun |
| Sunspot | cool,dark area of the sun's surface that have lower temperatures than surrounding areas, come in pairs, come and leave in 11 year cycles. |
| Prominence | plasma loop flowing through sunspots |
| Solar Flare | a violent explosion on the sun's surface |
| Aurora | a light display in the ionosphere near the poles |
| Nuclear Fusion | merging nuclei to form a new chemical, releases tons of nuclear energy |
| Constelliation | groups of stars that form a pattern, used to locate objects in space |
| Binary Star | two stars that orbit a common center of mass |
| Light-year | the distance light can travel in a year |
| Apparent Magnitude | how bright a celestial object appears from earth |
| Absolute Magnitude | apparent magnitude if it was 10 parsecs away |
| Main-sequence star | a star in the main portion of it's 'life', a sta fusing helium with hydrogen |
| Red Giant | the stage in a star's life when the helium core contacts and the hydrogen outer layer expands |
| Supergiant | a massive star, can have a mass from 10 to 70 solar masses, can be about 30,000 times the solar luminosity |
| Cepheid varible | a varible star where it's variation is closely related to it's luminosity |
| Nova | a sudden explosion on a white dwarf that causes the star to brighten |
| Nebulae | an interstellar cloud of gas and dust |
| Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram | a scatter graph of stars showing the relationship between their absolute magnitudes and luminosities |
| Protostar | the early stage of star formation |
| Supernova | a tremendous explosion that happens when the core of the star is mostly iron |
| White dwarf | a small to mid-size star that has collapsed |
| Neutron star | the remains of a star after it explodes as a supernova |
| Pulsar | pulsating radio star, a rotatinf neutron star that emits electromagnetic radiation |
| Black hole | the extremely dense core left behind after a supergiant explodes as a supernova |
| Galaxy | a very large group of stars held together with gravity |
| Hubble's law | a direct correlation between the distance to a galaxy and the recessional velocity |
| Big Bang Theory | the hypothesis that all matter and energy were once compressed in a small volume until an explostion caused everything to move outward, expanding the universe |
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