Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| amino acid | they make proteins, contain nitrogen, and there are only 20 of them |
| carbs | energy source can be either simple or complex and form peptide bonds |
| catabolic | used to describe a destructive process that breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones - it makes energy |
| catalyst | can be enzymes that start a reaction |
| chromatin | a loose tangles mess of DNA in a nondividing cell |
| chromosome | DNA and protein in a coiled rod shaped from that occurs in cell divison |
| codon | section (3 nucleotides) of DNA or RNA that codes for an amino acid |
| covalent bonds | bonds that share electrons |
| cytoplasm | region between cell membrane and nucleus |
| DNA | a double helix, antiparrellel strand that is made of nucleotides linked across the helix by hydrogen bonds - they code for amino acids |
| gene | a basic unit of hereditary material - "sentence of DNA" to create a specific characteristic |
| genome | entire complelment of genetic material in a chromosome set (from just one parent?) |
| haploid | "one set" - 1 copy of each chromosome in a cell |
| homologous | havind the same typical structure and position - 2 traits could have same background but now have 2 different functions |
| nucleotides | consists of a base, sugar, and phosphate |
| DNA polyermerase | enzyme that makes a new DNA strand by creating RNA |
| anabolic | reactions that use energy - make bonds |
| antiparrellel strands | the 2 DNA strands are going in opposite directions |
| hydrogen bonds | weak bonds by sharing an electron with a hydrogen atom. However, if there are enough of them they can create a strong bond (like valcro) |
| promoter | before a start codon that provides a binding site for the RNA polyermerase to start transcription |
| eukaryote | cell that has a nucleous and organelles |
| mRNA | transcribed from DNA that codes for protein by amino acids |
| transcription factors | protein that binds 1st to promoter to show where to start and then allows the enzyme to bind to it - there are different ones for different promoters |
| diploid | 2 copies of each chromosome set in a cell |
| meiosis | "one" - reproduction for egg and sperm to create 4 haploid cells that each have only 1 set of chromosomes |
| mitosis | reproduction that creates 2 diploid cells and each have 2 sets of chromosomes |
| mutations | occur when some aspect of the transcription and translation process goes wrong and could have various results |
| enzymes | various proteins that can crate chemical changes |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that binds to the ranscription factor at the promoter that creates the mRNA |
| nucleic acid | linked nucleotides that are DNA or RNA or other genetic material |
| polar covalent bonds | bond that shares electrons and electron density is unsymmetrical |
| proteins | made up of amino acids coded in DNA, creates and carries out the functions in the cell |
| hydrophobic | water fearing - important lipids |
| lipids | hydrophlyic head and hydrophobic tail that creates bilayers to form cell membranes |
| mitotic nondisjunction | the sister chromtins don't get seperated and instead all go into 1 cell |
| nucleus | organelle in eucaryotic cell that contains most of the DNA and controlls the activities |
| reading frame | triplet sequence in DNA or mRNA |
| recombination | process in a diploid cell that generates a new gene or in meiosis when ha;oids are different from orginal diploid |
| replication | copying or DNA synthesis |
| ribosomes | organelles that makes proteins |
| sister chromatids | 2 strands of of identical sister chromotids make a chromosome |
| transcription | synthesis of RNA using a DNA template |
| translation | process of making proteins from the amino acids coded in the RNA |
| primer | short sequence where DNA starts replication |
| anti-codon | nucleotide triplet in tRNA that aligns with the one in mRNA so the amino acid carried by the tRNA can add it to the protein chain |
| gamets | germ cell - haploid -egg or sperm |
| genetic code | sequence of nucleotides that code amino acids |
| tRNA | RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes to make proteins |
| molecule | smallest unit of an elemet made up on atoms |
| ions | atoms with an electric charge |
| karotype | organization of the chromosomes pair (chart) |
| polymers | chemical compounds linked together |
| ionic bond | transfer of electrons |
Created by:
Xtreame36
Popular Biology sets