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biology ocr b2
microorganisms and disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| give two ways that microorganism can cause the symptoms of an infectious disease? | damage done ti cells by the microorganism poison produced by the microorganism |
| explain why bacteria can reproduce rapidly inside the human body ? | because it is the ideal temperature and humidity for them to reproduce rapidly. |
| what is the role of the immune system? | is to destroy any infectious microorganism that enters the body |
| give two different ways white blood cell can get rid of an infection? | they can digest them or they can produce antibodies which lock onto the invading microorganism |
| vaccinations involve injecting dead or inactive microbes. how does this give you immunity in the future? | the dead microbes don't harm the body however our body produces memory cells to help defend off the microbe if it were to come back into your body |
| explain why vaccines aren't risk free for everyone? | you can have side effects once you have had the vaccination, some people may react worse than others |
| what is an antimicrobial? | they are chemicals which kill microorganisms |
| explain why antibiotics should not prescribed to someone who has got the flu? | because an antibiotic kills bacteria and flu isn't bacterial it is caused by a virus |
| give two ways of reducing antibiotic resistance? | you should take ALL the antibiotics a doctor gives you even if you feel better before then only use the antibiotics if you really need them |
| give two ways that new drugs are usually tested before they are given to humans? | some are tested on humans cells that are produced in a lab and they are also tested on live mammal like monkey or rats |
| why are new drugs tested on healthy people first , not patients with the illness they're designed to cure? | because if you test it on someone who is ill, they drug may make them worse rather then better.it makes sure there are no harmful side effects |
| why are placebos not used in trials where patients are really ill? | this is because its unfair to give the ill person the fake drug if the actual drug may help them |
| the heart is a double pump. explain what this means? | the right pump , pushes the blood to the lungs and the left side pumps the blood to the rest of the body |
| how does the structure of an artery help with it function? | it is thick,strong and elastic as the blood pressure will be higher |
| how does the structure of a vein help with its function? | it has large holes through the middle which helps the blood flow quicker , it also has valves to make sure the blood travels in the right direction |
| you can measure your heart rate by measuring your pulse rate. True or False? | true |
| when a blood pressure measurement is taken , what is actually being measured? | it measures the pressure of blood against the wall of the artery |
| describe one way high blood pressure can cause heart disease? | fatty deposits some times build up on damaged areas of the artery this cause the blood pressure to be even higher, this will stop the blood from going to a part of the heart causing a heart attack |
| what is homeostasis? | its to do with balancing all the things in your body like water levels, salt levels, body temperature |
| name three main components of the body's automatic control systems? | receptor- detects changes in the environment processing center- receives the information and organizes the response effector- produce the response to the change |
| name two factors that can affect the concentration of urine produced by the kidneys? | the external temperature, intake of fluids |
| what effect does alcohol have on the production of urine? | it makes the urine more dilute this causes dehydration you produce a lot more urine |
| how does adh work? | The hypothalamus sends a message to the pituitary gland which releases ADH. This travels in the blood to your kidneys and affects the tubules so more water is reabsorbed into your blood. As a result you make a smaller volume of more concentrated urine. |
Created by:
jack rowlands
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