Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbiology
chapter 2 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what do nucleotides require | nitrogenous base, ribo sugar, and at least one phosphate |
| adenine | nucleotide with ribose and at least one phosphate, |
| ribose | 5 carbon sugar |
| why do they call adenine a nitrogenous base | alot of nitrogens |
| ATP | has three phosphates |
| when you remove molecule you have | ADP |
| remove two molecules you have | AMP |
| energy for cellular function comes from | high energy phosphate bond that holds a third phosphate group on to the ATP molecule when its broken energy is released and used for chemical reactions within the cell |
| energy molecule that drives cells | ATP |
| process of phosphorlation | can be converted back to ATP when the third phosphate is restored |
| phosphorlation | the addition of a phosphate molecule to ADP to make ATP |
| purines | double two ring molecule |
| base purine rules | purine will always pair with a pyrimidine held together by a hydrogen bond |
| RNA | Ribo Nucleic acid, nucleotide, single stranded nucleic acid |
| DNA | Deoxy Ribo nucleic acid,double stranded |
| Why is DNA diffrent | its missing a oxygen |
| what are the functions of nucleic acids | contain all the cells genetic info,and determine all the heridible characteristicsof an organism or a cell and pass that from generation to generations direct synthesis of proteins |
| .Which of the following is the best description of a gene? | A sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a single protein |
| purines | double two ring molecule |
| base purine rules | purine will always pair with a pyrimidine held together by a hydrogen bond |
| RNA | Ribo Nucleic acid, nucleotide, single stranded nucleic acid |
| DNA | Deoxy Ribo nucleic acid,double stranded |
| Why is DNA diffrent | its missing a oxygen |
| what are the functions of nucleic acids | contain all the cells genetic info,and determine all the heridible characteristicsof an organism or a cell and pass that from generation to generations direct synthesis of proteins |
| .Which of the following is the best description of a gene? | A sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for a single protein |
| purines pair with | pyrimidines |
| adenine base pairs with | thymine |
| cytosine base pairs with | guanine |
| The exact point where nucleotides are being added to growing daughter strands during DNA replication are called: | replication fork |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of the origin? | The origin is rich in A-T pairs. |
| .If a particular short DNA sequence is AGATTC, the corresponding RNA sequence will be: | UCUAAG. |
| A bacterial population is in the log phase and the growth curve for population is plotted if environmental conditions suddenly improve | Growth curve will rise more steeply |
| During stationary phase of microbial growth | The rate of new cell division is approximately equal to cell death rate |
| Generation time can be defined as | Time between cell division |
| At what point does carbon fixation occur in photosynthesis | Calvin cycle |
| proteins are composed of | amino acids and caboxyl group |
| R group | protein of amino acids joined by peptide bonds |
| Metabolism | the sum of all the chemical processes carried out in the cell |
| what are the product of the light reactions in photosynthesis | NADPH and ATP |
| When photosynthetic organisms make biological molecules they use carbon atoms from | carbon dioxide |
| organisms that can use light as a source of energy to make biological molecules are called | photoautotrophs |
| in the absence of sufficient glucose | fats can provide an alternative source of energy for ATP production |
| if the appropiate final electron acceptor is not present the pyruvate that was formed at the end of the glycolysis is reduced why | to regenerate NAD+ |
| what happens to the protons that are pumped across a membrane in electron transport | they move back across the membrane through the ATP synthase complex |
| The oxidation of biological molecules in cell respiration is completed in | krebs cycle |
| During glycolysis the electrons lost by biological molecules are used to reduce | NAD+ |
| when biological molecules are oxidized in cell respiration the principle source of electrons is | oxygen hydrogen bonds |
| when a redox reaction occurs | the transferred electrons had more energy with the molecule that was oxidized |
| ATP is an energy rich molecule because | the bonds between the phosphate groups are unstable |
| If a chemical reaction releases energy that reaction can be described as | exergonic reaction |
| The cellular process of linking chemical building blocks together into macromolecules is called | polymerization |
| what is Catabolism | process of breaking molecules apart |
| Biological oxidations often involve which of the following | loss of hydrogen atom |
| NAD+, FAD, and NADP+ are all examples of | electron carriers |
| the activation of a chemical recation | is lower in the precense of an enzyme |
| What affects the activity of a enzyme | pH, temperature, and the amount of subtrate available to them |
| Substance that resembles the normal subtrate competes with the subtrates for the active site | competitive inhibition |
| Major function of fermentation | regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis |
| Beta oxidation is the method of catabolizing which molecule | fatty acids |
| in the eukaryotic cells what are the following processes that occur in the mitchodrion | Beta oxidation, krebs cycle, and electron transport |
| what occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell | glycolysis |
| Generates NADH and FADH2 from the oxidation of acetyl-Coa | Function of krebs cycle |
| what is the purpose of calvin benson cycle | it produces glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate by fixation of CO2 molecules |
| Folic acid is a precursor molecule necessary for the synthesis of | nucleotides |
| ribozymes are enzymes made out of | RNA |
| Since most proteins are to large to cross the cytoplasmic membrane prokaryotic begin catabolism by secreting what into their enviroment | proteases |
| the photosynthetic memvranes that are similiar to mitochondrial membranes in both structure and function are called | thylakoids |
| chemical reactions that can proceed in either a catobolic ar an anabolic direction are known as | amphibolic reactions |
| the process by which inorganic phosphate is attached to an ADP molecule using the energy produced by redox reactions | oxidative |
| Nucleotides are composed of | phosphate group, pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base |
| Ribosomes are made of | protein and RNA |
| Ribosomes are found in | cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell |
| ribosomes are composed of | two subunits a small and large subunit |
| the amino acid sequence of a protein constitutes its | primary structure |
| Another term for biosynthesis | anabolismform of metaolism in which large molecules are converted into small |
| form of metaolism in which large molecules are converted into small molecules | catobolism |
| lowers the activation energy required for a chemical reaction | enzyme |
| An enzyme is | pH and heat labile |
| where the active site is located | apoenzyme |
| To digest cellulose in its enviroment a fungus produces | exoenzymes |
| energy in biological systems is primarily | |
| energy is carried from catobolic to anabolic reactions in the form of | high energy ATP bonds |
| Release potential energy | exergonic reactions |
| reduced compound | NADH |
| Most oxidation reactions in microbial bioenergetis involve the | removal of electrons and hydrogens |
| products of glycolysis | ATP and H2O |
| Fermentation of a glucose gives off a net number of ATP'S | 2 |
| Complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration yields a net output of ATP | 38 |
| compound that enters the TCA cycle from glycolysis | pyruvic acid |
| ATP synthase complexes can generate how many ATP'S for each NADH that enters electron transport | 3 |
| In aerobic respiration the terminal electron acceptor is | oxygen |
| The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are called | catobolism |
| reaction where small precursor molecules are assembled into lareger organic molecules | anabolism |
| as the electron flow throught the chains much of their free energy is conserved in the form of ATP this is called | oxidative phosphorylation |
| what are the following causes for enzyme denaturization | pH, Subtrate, and temp increase |
| anaerobic respiration occurs in what | clostridium, bacillus, and psuedmonas |
| which of the following occurs in the cell membrane | aerobic respiration, anarobic respiration |
| If a codon in a sequence of DNA has the bases of TCT, what is the tRNA anticodon | AGA |
| which of the following methods of ntransferring genetic material requires cell to cell contact | conjugation |
| During which phas of the growth curvee is cell reproduction most active | log |
| what term refers to the transfer of DNA from one cell to another via bacteriophage | transduction |
| binds to the same active site as a subtrate | competitive inhibitor |
| ATP with three phosphate groups | nucleoside |
| Adenosine monophosphate AMP | consist of adenine ring, ribose, and one phosphate group |
| ADP | same base and sugar but two phosphate groups |
| ATP | has same base and sugar but three phosphate groups |
| Phosphate bonds contain | alot of energy which is released when broken |
| what bond has the greatest amount of energy | pyrophosphate bond |
| Heterotrophs | organisms that can make organic compounds from inorganic sources |
| Atp is produced by | autotrophs during photosynthesis |
Created by:
10201060366829311