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GENETICS
life science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Trait | A quality or characteristic |
| Purebred | bred from parents of the same breed or variety. |
| Hybrid | the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties. |
| Offspring | the product of the reproductive process of an animal. A child |
| Gene | is a locus or region of DNA that encodes a functional RNA |
| Alleles | is a variant form of a gene. Some genes have a variety of different forms. |
| Dominant | is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
| Recessive | relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents. |
| Phenotype | is an individual's observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type |
| Genotype | is an individual's collection of genes. The term also can refer to the two alleles inherited for a particular gene. |
| Homozygous | Alternative forms of a given gene are called alleles, and they can be dominant or recessive. |
| Heterozygous | a gene locus when its cells contain two different alleles of a gene. |
| Codominance | is a relationship between two versions of a gene. Individuals receive one version of a gene, called an allele, from each parent. |
| Meiosis | is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells. |
| Haploid cells | A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| Diploid cells | A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
| Mutations | is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism. |
| Insertion | the addition of DNA into a genetic sequence |
| Deletion | The smallest single base deletion mutations are believed occur by a single base flipping in the template DNA. |
| Substitution | a mutation that switches out DNA code |
| Sex linked gene | A gene located on a sex chromosome, usually the X |
| Carrier | when an allele carries a trait that can be passed onto a offspring |
| Sex chromosome | a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism typically one of two kinds. |
| Genetic disorder | is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. |
| Pedigree | |
| Selective breeding | |
| Inbreeding | |
| Hybridization | |
| Clone | an exact copy of an organism |
| Genetic Engineering | |
| Gene therapy | |
| Heredity | The passing of phenotypic traits from their parents. |
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