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Stack #201879
Appendicular Skeleton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Skeleton is organized into... | 1. Axial Skeleton2. Appendicular Skeleton |
| Primary of function of appendicular skeleton? | Movement |
| Composition of Appendicular Skeleton: | 1. All bones that make up the upper and lower extremities. 2. All bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton |
| Upper Extremities of Appendicular Skeleton: | 2 Scapula...2 Clavicle...2 Humerus...2 Radius...2 Ulna....16 Carpals...10 Metacarpals...28 Phalanges |
| Pectoral or shoulder girdle | Consists of two bones: Scapula and Clavicle |
| List Scapula Borders | Superior...Medial (vertebral)...Lateral (axiallry) |
| Scapular Boarders | Superior....Medial (vertebral)....Lateral (Axillary) |
| Scapular Angles | Superior (At T2) and Inferior (At T7) |
| Scapular Landmarks | Scapular Spine and Scapular Notch |
| Scapular Spine Description | Sharp ridge widening to flat acromion process |
| Scapular Notch Description | Location for Suprascapular nerve and artery |
| Scapular Fossae | Supraspinous...Infraspinous...Glenoid...Subscapular |
| Scapular Processes | Acromion and Coracoid |
| Acromion | The end of scapular spine--> creates the acromioclavicular...Lateral Projection |
| Coracoid | Anterior Projection |
| Clavical Description | S-shaped bone with two curves. Extends from sternum to scapula above the 1st rib. |
| Clavical Ends | Sternal (Medial)End and Acromial (Lateral End) |
| Articulation of the ends of Clavical Bone: | Sternal End articulates with sternum and the acromial end articulates with acromion. |
| Other Clavicle Landmarks: | Conoid tubercle...Trapezoid line...Deltoid tubercle...Subclavian Groove |
| Conoid Tubercle | Attachement of the conoid ligament |
| Trapezoid Line | Ridge for attachment of trapezoid ligament. Combination of the conoid and trapezoid form the coracoclavicalar ligament |
| Deltoid Tubercle | Site of origin of anterior deltoid |
| Subclavian Groove | Allows for passage of subclavian artery |
| Proximal Humerus | Head...Anatomical neck...Tubercle (Greater or Lesser)..Intertubercular sulcus (Biceptal Groove)...Surgical Neck...Deltoid tuberosity...Shaft |
| Distal Humerus | Capitulum...Trochlea...Radial fossa...Coronoid fossa...Olecranon fossa...Medial and Lateral epicondyles...Supracondylar ridges |
| Capitulum | (Distal Humerous) Articulates with the head of the radius on Anterior/Lateral Side |
| Troclea | (Distal Humerous) Articulates with ulna on Medial/Interior side |
| Radial Fossa | (Distal Humerus) Radial Head sits in the Radial Fossa in full Flexion |
| Coronoid Fossa | (Distal Humerus)Ulna sits here in full flexion |
| Olecranon Fossa | (Distal Humerus) Posterior depression from olecranon process of ulna...Point on the Elbow that can be felt |
| Medial and Lateral epicondyles | (Distal Humerus) Attachment of forearm muscle |
| Proximal Ulna | Located on the medial side...Trochlear notch...Radial Notch...Olecranon process...Coronoid Process |
| Trochlear Notch | (Proximal Ulna) articulates with humerus and wraps around the trochlea and rotates. |
| Radial Notch | (Proximal Ulna)articulates with radial Head |
| Olecranon Process | (Proximal Ulna) forms the point of the elbow |
| Coronoid Process | (Proximal Ulna) |
| Proximal Radius | Located on the Lateral Side. Includes: Head, Radial Neck, and Radial Tuberosity |
| Radius Head | (Proximal Radius) articulates with capitulum of humerus and radial notch of ulna |
| Distal Radius | Styloid Process |
| Styloid Process | (Distal Radius) Forms the wrist Joints with Wrist Bones. |
| Distal Ulna | Head, Styloid Process, and no articulation with wrist bones |
| Divisions of the Hand | Carpals, Metacarpals, and Phalanges |
| Carpal Bones Proximal Row | scaphoid (S), Lunate (L), Triquetirum (Tq). Pisiform (P) |
| Carpal Bones Distal Row | Trapezium (Tm), Trapezoid (Td), Capitate (C), Hamate (H) |
| Carpal Tunnel Floor | Carpal Bones |
| Carpal Tunnel Roof | Flexor retinaculum |
| What's contained in the Carpal Tunnel | Median Nerve and Flexor tendons of the fingers |
| Metacarpal Landmarks | Base, Shaft, Head, Condyles |
| How are the Metacarpals Numbered? | Thumb is #1----Pinkie is #5 |
| # of Bones in Phalanges | 14 Bones, 3 per finger and 2 in the thumbs |
| Regions of Phalanges | Proximal, Middle, and Distal |
| Landmarks of Phalanges | Base, Shaft, and Head |
| How are Phalanges names | By number and region |
| Appendicular Lower Extremity | Hipbone, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges |
| Pelvic Girdle | Form of Ilium (superior), Ischium (inferior and Posterior), and Pubis (Inferior and anterior) |
| Hip Bone also Known as.... | (part of Pelvic Girdle) Coxal Bone |
| Purpose of Pelvic Girdle | Strong and stable support for vertebral column and viscera |
| Ilium Description | (Superior on Pelvic Girdle), Called the "Flank", Most Superior and Largest Hipbone |
| Ilium Landmarks | (Superior on Pelvic Girdle_)ASIS, AIIS, PSIS, Iliac Crst, Gluteal lines, Greater Sciatic notch, Iliac fossa, Auricular surface |
| Ischium Landmarks | (Inferior and Posteior on Pelvic Girdle)Ishcial Spine, Lesser Sciatic Notch, Ischial Tuberocity, Ichial Ramus, Obtuartor Foramen |
| Pubis Landmarks | (Inferior and Anterior on Pelvic Girdle) Inferior Pubic Ramus, Superior Pubic Ramus, Body, Pubic Tubercle |
| Other Pelvic Girdle Landmark | Pubic Symphysis, Acetabulum, Acetabular Notch |
| Pubic Symphysis | Located in the front of of the Pelvic Girdle where the two pubic bones come together |
| Acetabulum | Same as glenoid fossa in upper extremeties. Fossa for the head of femur |
| Pelvic Brim/Inlet | Seperates the superior and inferiro portions of the pelvis |
| Greater Pelvis (False) | Located above the pelvic brim. Boarders are the lumbar vertebra, upper portions of hipbone, and abdominal wall. |
| Lesser Pelvis (True) | Located below the pelvic brim. Boarders include the sacrum and coccyx, llium and ischium, and pubic |
| Femur Description | "Thighbone." Longest, heaviest, strongest bone in bond. |
| Femur articulation | Proximally with hipbone and distally with tibia and patella |
| Femur (Proximal End) | Head, Neck, Greater Trochanter, Lesser Trochanter, Intertrochanteric Line (ant), Intertrochanteric Crest (post), Fovea |
| Femur (Shaft) | Shaft is the body and Linea Aspera is a roughened ridge on the posterior portion of bone |
| Femur Distal End | Medial/Lateral condyle, Medial/Lateral Epicondyle, adductor tubercle, Medial Supracondylar line, Lateral Supracondylar line, Popliteal surface, Patellar surface |
| Tibia Description | "Medial Shinbone." Larger, medial bone of the lower leg, Bears majority of the body's weight. |
| Articulation of the Tibia | Proximal with femur and fibula, Distal articulation with fibula and talus |
| Proximal End of Tibia | Intercondylar Eminence, Medial Condyle, Lateral Condyle, Tibial Tuberosity |
| Tibia Shaft | Anterior Border (Crest), Soleal Line |
| Tibia Distal End | Medial Malleolus and Fibular notch |
| Fibula Description | Lateral "shinebone", Thinner and smaller than tibia, Does not bear much of the body weight |
| Fibula Landmark | Head, Styloid Process, Lateral Malleolus |
| Patella Description | "Kneecap." Largest sesamoid Bone, Subcutaneous and easily palpated, Increasese leverage for quadicepts muscles. Lies anterior to distal femur |
| Sesamoid Bone | Completely engulfed by muscles or ligaments |
| Tarsal Bones | Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms |
| Calcaneus | (Tarsal Bone)Heel Bone |
| Talus | (Tarsal Bone) Most superior and articulates with tibia |
| Navicular | (Tarsal Bone) Medial equivalent of scaphoid bone |
| Cuboid | (Tarsal Bone) Lateral |
| Cuneiforms | (Tarsal Bone) Medial, Intermediate, and Lateral |
| Metatarsal Landmarks | Parxial and Distal: Base, Shaft, Head, Condyles |
| Scupula General Description | Large, triangular, flat bone on posterior thorax. Lies between 2nd and 7th rib. |
Created by:
krmann
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