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CTC Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| neurons | cells in the nervous system |
| axons | neuron extensions where electrical impulses enter the neuron |
| dendrites | neuron extensions where elctrical impulses exit the neuron |
| synapse | space between the axon of one cell and the dendrites of many other neurons |
| neurotransmitters | chemicals that enable messages (nerve impulses) to pass from one cell to another |
| nerves | bundles held together by connective tissue (think of telephone cables) |
| cerebrum | the largest portion of the brain |
| cerebellum | found beneath the occipital lobe of the cerebrum |
| brain stem | the midbrain, pons, and medulla are in the brain stem |
| meninges | three membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | vascular tissue which flows around the brain and spinal cord |
| cornea | the transparent portion in the front of the eye; light passes through the cornea to the eye |
| iris | colored (blue, brown, etc..) portion of the eye |
| pupil | the opening in the iris; color black |
| lacrimal glands | tears made here; found beneath the lateral side of the upper eye lid |
| tympanic membrane | the eardrum |
| ossicles | three tiny bones in the middle ear; forms a chain from eardrum to inner ear opening |
| eustachian tubes | small tubes from the nasopharynx into the middle ear to equalize pressure in the eardrum |
| cochlea | part of the inner ear; looks like a coiled snail shell |
| semicircular canals | part of the inner ear; contains liquid and nerve endings, and helps us balance |
| intracranial pressure | normal pressure applied within the skull |
| paralysis | loss of voluntary motor control |
| convulsions | seizures; uncontrolled, often violent muscular contractions |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | used to monitor neurologic problems after trauma, stroke, illness, or injury |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | a temporary period of diminished blood flow to the brain |
| stroke/cerebrovascular accident(CVA)/brain attack | complete or partial loss of blood flow to the brain; affects the vascular and nervous systems |
| left hemiplegia | paralysis on the left side of the body caused by ride-side brain damage |
| spatial-perceptual deficits | difficulty distinguishing right from left, and up from down |
| aphasia | inability to express or understand speech |
| position sense (loss of) | sensory-perceptual deficit; person can't say where an affected (or hurt) foot is, or what position the foot is in without looking at it |
| unilateral neglect | the patient ignores the paralyzed side of the body |
| hemianopsia | impaired vision, or both eyes only have half-vision |
| emotional lability | stroke patient may cry or laugh for no apparent reason |
| cognitive impairments | changes in patient's intellectual functions; may affect memory, judgment, problem-solving |
| receptive aphasia | person can't comprehend communication |
| expressive aphasia | person can't form thoughts or express thoughts |
| global aphasia | person has lost all language abilities |
| Parkinson's disease | nervous disorder, s/s: muscle rigidity & tremors |
| tremors | uncontrolled trembling |
| akinesia | difficulty & slowness walking |
| multiple sclerosis | chronic nervous disorder with variable symptoms |
| vertigo | spinning or dizzy sensation |
| Lhermitte's sign | |
| Parkinson's disease | nervous disorder, s/s: muscle rigidity & tremors |
| tremors | uncontrolled trembling |
| akinesia | difficulty & slowness walking |
| multiple sclerosis | chronic nervous disorder with variable symptoms |
| vertigo | spinning or dizzy sensation |
| Lhermitte's sign | tingling, shock-likesensation that passes down the arms or spine when neck is flexed |
| Nystagmus | jerky eye movements |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of both arms and both legs |
| intention tremor | shaking of the hands that gets worse as the individual tries to touch or pick up an object |
| (PPS) Post Polio Syndrome | condition of increased weakness & abnormal muscle fatige in people who had polio years ago |
| (ALS) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | progressive neuromuscular disease that causes muscle weakness & paralysis |
| epilepsy | person has convulsions, seizures |
| grand mal seizures | major epileptic seizure with loss of consciousness & convulsions |
| generalized tonic-clonic seizures | see grand mal seizure |
| petit mal seizures | small or short epileptic seizure |
| absence seizure | see petit mal seizure |
| status epilepticus | seizure that lasts for long time or repeats without recovery |
| flaccid paralysis | loss of muscle tone & absence of tendon reflexes |
| spastic paralysis | no voluntary movement, muscles in spasm |
| autonomic dysreflexia | life threatening complication of spinal cod injury |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| cataracts | cloudiness of lens of eye, resulting in vision loss |
| glaucoma | increased pressure within the eye |
| retinal regeneration | breakdown of retina |
| macular regeneration | same as retinal regeneration |
| otitis media | infection of the middle ear |
| otosclerosis | progressive form of deafness |
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