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CTC Endocrine
CTC Endocrine Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endocrine glands | secrete hormones, control body growth & activities |
| hyposecretion | underproduction of hormones |
| hypersecretion | overproduction of hormones |
| hormones | chemicals that regulate the body's activities |
| pituitary gland | "master gland", it controls most of the other glands |
| pineal body | small gland beneath the brain, related to sexual growth |
| adrenal glands | located atop each kidney, secrete hormones to produce quick energy in emergencies |
| gonads | male and female sex glands |
| ovaries | female gonads, produce hormones estrogen & progesterone |
| estrogen | hormone responsible for female characteristics |
| progesterone | hormone responsible for female characteristics |
| testes | male gonads |
| scrotum | saclike pouch where testes are located |
| testosterone | hormone responsible for male characteristics |
| ovum | female egg needed for fertilization |
| sperm | male reproductive call |
| thyroid gland | large gland in the neck, secretes hormones that regulate growth and metabolism |
| thyroxine | hormone produced by thyroid, it regulates metabolism |
| iodine | in thyroxine, needed for thyroid gland function |
| thyrocalcitonin | regulates calcium & phosporus in the body |
| parathyroid gland | tiny glands in thyroid gland, secrete parathormone |
| parathormone | hormone that helps control body's use of calcium & phosporus |
| islets of Langerhans | small groups of cells found inside pancreas, produce hormones inculin & glucagon |
| insulin | hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates/lowers the levels of sugar in the blood |
| glucagon | hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates/raises the levels of sugar in the blood. |
| hyperthyroidism | overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in hypersecretion of thyroxine |
| tetany | condition characterized by rhythmic cramping of the muscles of the hands and feet |
| hypothyroidism | undersecretion of thyroxine |
| simple goiter | thyroid enlargement due to lack of iodine |
| hypertrophies | enlargement of thyroid gland |
| hypercalcemia | excessively high levels of calcium in the blood usually caused by tumors |
| Cushing's syndrome | hypersecretion of hormones of adrenal gland |
| Addison's disease | hyposecretion of hormones of adrenal glands |
| diabetes mellitus | chronic disease due to lack of insulin |
| glucose | simple sugar |
| glycogen | storage form of energy |
| IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | type 1, runs in families, most common in kids & teens, must take daily insulin injections to stay alive |
| polyuria | typical s/s of diabetes, excessive urination |
| polydipsia | typical s/s of diabetes, excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | typical s/s of diabetes, excessive hunger |
| glycosuria | typical s/s of diabetes, sugar in urine |
| NIDDM non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | type II, most common form of diabetes, risk increases with age |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar |
| assimilated | absorbed |
| FSBS fingerstick blood sugar | method for checking the blood sugar by pricking finger with tiny lancet |
| lancet | tiny needle used to prick finger to check for blood sugar |
| acetone | substance that accumulates in urine & blood when blood sugar is out of whack |
Created by:
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