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Vocab Lesson 4.3
Cell Organelles and Features
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Phospholipid Bilayer | A double layer of phospholipids that make up plasma and organelle membranes |
Chromosome | In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
Nuclear Envelope | The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
Nucleolus | The part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized |
Ribosome | A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
Mitochondrion | In eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP |
Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
Golgi Apparatus | A system of flattened membranous sacs. It modifies many cellular products and prepares them for export |
Lysosome | A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and that buds from the Golgi apparatus |
Cytoskeleton | The cytoplasmic network of protein filaments and tubes that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division |
Microtubule | One of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement |
Microfilament | A fiber found inside eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement |
Cilium | A hair-like structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells |
Flagellum | A long, hair-like structure that grows out of a cell and enables the cell to move |
Centriole | An organelle that is composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis |