click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
All about Minerals
Minerals
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition. |
| inorganic | aren't alive, never were alive, and are not made by life processes. |
| solid | has a definite volume and shape. |
| crystal | a solid in which the atoms are arranged in repeating patterns. |
| Formation of Minerals | 1) if a solution becomes saturated or filled with another substance. 2) from minerals dissolved in liquids. 3) from the cooling of hot melted rock material, called magma. |
| Friedrich Mohs | a German scientist who developed the Mohs Scale of hardness. (lists hardness of 10 minerals with 1 being the softest and 10 the hardest). |
| Luster | physical property of a mineral that describes how light is reflected from its surface. Is defined as either metallic or nonmetallic. |
| Metallic | always shine like metal. |
| Nonmetallic | don't shine like metal. |
| Color | usually isn't enough alone to identify a mineral. |
| Streak | color of a mineral when it is powedered; usually observed by rubbing the mineral on a ceramic streak plate. |
| Silicates | minerals that contain silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements. |
| Rock Salt | real name is halite and has a cubic crystal shape. |
| Hardness | a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. |
| Talc | is the softest mineral and can be scratched with your fingernail. |
| Diamond | hardest mineral and it can only be scratched by another diamond. |
| Cleavage | physical property of a mineral that causes it to break along smooth, flat surfaces. |
| Mica | has a perfect cleavage. |
| Fracture | physical property of a mineral that causes it to break with rough or jagged edges. |
| Quartz | has fracture. has atoms arranged in repeating patterns, but you can't see the crystal structure on the outside of the mineral. |
| Magnetite | attracted to magnets. |
| Calcite | fizzes when hydrochloric acid is put on it. causes you to see a double image. |
| Gem | a valuable mineral highly prized because it is rare and beautiful. |
| Ore | a mineral containing a useful substance such as a metal that can be mined at a profit. |
| Titanium | durable, lightweight metal derived from minerals such as ilmenite or rutile. |