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Stack #201053
Spinal cord Injuries quiz 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main causes of spinal cord injuries (SCI) | MVA, falls, violence, sport accidents |
| Most common sites for sci: Between the lower __ area and the upper ___ segment | cervical, thoracic |
| between the lower ____ area and the upper ___ segment | thoracic; lumber |
| between the lower ___ segment and the ___ | lumbar, sacrum |
| Mechanisms of SCI Injuries to the vertbral column: | hyperflexion, hyperextension, compression injuries |
| Mechanisms of SCI Injuries of the cord: | contusion laceration, compression |
| Clinical manifestations | Spinal shock |
| spinal shock is a ___ depression of both somatic and autonmic reflexes below the ____ of injury immediately following sci | temporary; level |
| How long does it usually last for | 2 weeks to 2 months |
| S/S during spinal shock: Flaccid muscle tone ___ the lesion | below |
| .... Areflexia ____ ____ | below the lesion |
| .... Loss of ___ below the lesion | sensation |
| .... Atonic bowel and bladder if the | injury is above S2, 3, 4 |
| Hypotension and bradycardia if sci is | above T6 |
| Skin below the injury | pink dry and warm |
| S/S after spinal shock ____ muscle tone below lesion | rigid |
| ____ below lesion | hyperreflexia |
| loss of ___ below lesion | sensation |
| _____ bowel and bladder if injury is above __ _ _ | spastic s2, 3, 4 |
| autonomic hyper/dysreflexia if sci | above t6 |
| skin | pale cold clammy below injury |
| Autonomic hyper/dyreflexia occurs in pt with SCI | above T6 |
| Autonomic hyper/dyreflexia is an acute episode of exaggerated ___ response uncontrolled by the higer ____ in the ____ | sympathetic, centers, brain |
| Autonomic hyper/dyreflexia occurs | after the period of spinal shock |
| Autonomic hyper/dyreflexia and is often triggered by stimuli such as | fecal impaction or bladder distention |
| Mechanism of autonomic hyperreflexia: 1--> ____ receptors are stimulated below the lesion | sensory |
| Mechanism of autonomic hyperreflexia: 2--> stimulate sympathetic ___ ___ lesion | outflow below |
| Mechanism of autonomic hyperreflexia: 3--> ____ below level of injury | vasospasm |
| Mechanism of autonomic hyperreflexia: 4---> ___ BP | Increased |
| Mechanism of autonomic hyperreflexia: 5--> produced baroreflex mediated ___ response | Vagal |
| Mechanism of autonomic hyperreflexia: 6--> | Bradycardia |
| Degree of injury: | Complete or incomplete |
| total loss of sensory and motor function below level of injury | complete |
| incomplete or partial | mixed loss of voluntary motor function and sensations and leaves some tracts intact |
| Level of injury | Cervical thoracic or lumbar |
| The degree of sensory and motor loss varies depending on the lesion and reflexes the specific ___ ___ damaged and those spared | nerve tract |
| What are associated with incomplete lesions | 6 syndromes |
| We need to know what 4 (ABCP) | Anterior cord syndrome Brown sequard syndrom central cord syndrome Posterior cord syndrome |
| Anterior cord syndrome is caused by damage to the | anterior spinal artery |
| this results in compromised | blood flow to the anterior spinal cord |
| It is typically a result from acute compression of the anterior spinal cord often what type of injury | flexion injury |
| Manifestations include | motor paralysis and loss of pain and temp sensation below the level of injury |
| What syndrome is the result of damage to one half of the spinal cord | brown-sequard |
| manifestation include | loss of motor function and position and vibration sense as well as vasomotor paralysis on the same side of the lesion |
| What happens to the opposite side | loss of pain temp sensation below level of lesion |
| What is central cord syndrome | damage to the center of the spinal cord |
| where and who does it occur in most commonly | cervical cord region; older adults |
| where are motor and sensory loss located at | upper and lower extremities, but upper extremities are affected more |
| The degree of sensory and motor loss varies depending on the lesion and reflexes the specific ___ ___ damaged and those spared | nerve tract |
| What are associated with incomplete lesions | 6 syndromes |
| We need to know what 4 (ABCP) | Anterior cord syndrome Brown sequard syndrom central cord syndrome Posterior cord syndrome |
| Anterior cord syndrome is caused by damage to the | anterior spinal artery |
| this results in compromised | blood flow to the anterior spinal cord |
| It is typically a result from acute compression of the anterior spinal cord often what type of injury | flexion injury |
| Manifestations include | motor paralysis and loss of pain and temp sensation below the level of injury |
| What syndrome is the result of damage to one half of the spinal cord | brown-sequard |
| manifestation include | loss of motor function and position and vibration sense as well as vasomotor paralysis on the same side of the lesion |
| What happens to the opposite side | loss of pain temp sensation below level of lesion |
| What is central cord syndrome | damage to the center of the spinal cord |
| where and who does it occur in most commonly | cervical cord region; older adults |
| where are motor and sensory loss located at | upper and lower extremities, but upper extremities are affected more |
| Posterior cord syndrome results from | compression or damage to the posterior spinal artery |
| It is a very rare condition but results in | loss of proprioception |
| Manifestations of spinal cord injury are related to the: | level and degree of injury. |
| Cervical Level | altered respiratory function; teraplegia; ANS dysfunction; altered bowel bladder and sexual function |
| Respiratory muscle control: Diaphragm | C3-5 |
| Respiratory muscle control: Scapula | C5,6 |
| Respiratory muscle control: Intercostals | T1-11 |
| Respiratory muscle control: abdominal | T7-12 |
| Respiratory complications closely correspond to the | level of the injury. |
| Cervical injury above the level of C4 presents special problems because of the | total loss of respiratory muscle function. |
| Any cord injury above the level of T6 greatly decreases the influence of the | sympathetic nervous system |
| Complications of SCI | loss of sensation paralysis Spinal shock autonomic hyperreflexia skin breakdown thromboemboli altered bowel, bladder, sexual dysfunction altered body temp regulation |
| Assessment | neuro exam x-ray ct mri myelography |
| Medical management 1 | Immediate immobilization of spine |
| 2 | decompression laminectomy |
| 3 | corticosteriods |
| 4 | management of spinal shock |
| 5 | management of autonomic hyperreflexia |
| 6 | rehab program |
Created by:
jsande02
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