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Cell Growth
Cell Growth and Division
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell cycle | the regular pattern of growth, DNA duplication, and cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells |
| mitosis | the division of the cell nucleus and its contents |
| cytokinesis | the process that divides the cell cytoplasm |
| chromosome | one long continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes along with regulatory information |
| histone | a group of proteins that each chromosome is associated with |
| chromatin | the loose combination of DNA and proteins |
| chromatid | half of the duplicated chromosome |
| centromere | the substance that holds sister chromatids together |
| telomere | the structure at the end of DNA molecules |
| prophase | the phase in which chromatin condense into tightly coiled chromosomes |
| metaphase | the phase in which spindle fibers attach to a protein structure on the centromere of each chromosome and align the chromosomes along the cell equator |
| anaphase | the phase in which sister chromatids separate from each other |
| telophase | the phase in which a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell |
| growth factor | a broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division |
| apoptosis | programed cell death |
| cancer | the common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division |
| benign | type of tumor where the cancer cell typically remain clustered together |
| malignant | a type of tumor in which some of the cancer cells can break away |
| metastasize | the breaking away of cancer cells |
| carcinogen | substances that are known to produce or promote the development of cancer |
| asexual reproduction | the creation of offspring from a single parent and does not involve the joining of gametes |
| binary fission | the asexual reproductions of a single-celled organism by division into two roughly equal parts |
| tissue | groups of cells that work together to perform a single function |
| organ | groups of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions |
| organ system | organs that carry out similar function are grouped into this |
| cell differentiation | the process by which unspecialized cells develop into their mature forms and functions |
| stem cell | a unique type of body cell that has the ability to (1) divide and renew itself for long periods of time, (2) remain undifferentiated in form, and (3) develop into a variety of specialized cell types |
Created by:
tuohybio1415
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