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Microb/Immuno 1
First Aid Q&A: Microbiology and Immunology 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This drug blocks guanine synthesis and is used to treat RSV. | Ribavirin |
| Used for multidrug resistant gram-positive organisms such as S. aureus and C. difficile. | Vancomycin |
| 43 yro man from Mexico presents with pulmonary congestion, cardiomegaly, and megacolon. Physician can only offer symptomatic treatment. What is the insect that transmitted this illness? | Reduviid bug; T. Cruzi "Chaga's disease" (treated with Nifurtimox) |
| This organism is associated with sandfly bite. | Leishmania donovani |
| 40 yro man returns from a trip to africa complaining of repeatedly falling asleep, headaches, and dizziness. What insect bit him? | Tsetse fly; Trypanosoma brucei "African sleeping sickness" (treated with Sumarin) |
| Blood and sputum cultures show gram-negative rod that ferments lactose. Acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli. | Kliebsella |
| This infection evolves through 4 stages: congestion, red hepatization, gray hepatization, and resolution. | S. pneumonia |
| Pneumonia characterized by diffuse patchy inflammation localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls. | Mycoplasma and viruses |
| This disease spread by human body louse presents as fevers that last about 5 days, remit, and return about a week later. What is the organism to blame? | Borrelia recurrentis; relapsing fever |
| Adjuvants act on these cells to stimulate greater activation in vaccines. | Antigen presenting cells; provide costimulatory capacity |
| 37 yro female with HIV presents with hemiparesis, visual field deficits, and cognitive impairment. MRI shows multiple nonenhancing T2-hyperintense lesions of the brain. Diagnosis? | PML; JCV |
| HIV patient with cognitive defects, MRI shows enhancing periventricular white mater lesions in cortical and subependymal regions. Diagnosis? | CMV |
| HIV patient presents with insidious onset of memory loss, gait disorder, and spasticity. Most common CNS complication of HIV-1. | HIV encephalopathy |
| HIV patient presents with cognitive disfunction, MRI shows enhanced lesions located at corticomedullary junction surrounded by edema. Diagnosis? | toxoplasma infection |
| 23 year old man presents with bacterial infection and history of recurrent infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal). Blood ;shows low T and B lymphocytes. Diagnosis? | Severe combined immunodeficiency |
| Recurrent streptococcal and staphylococcal infections due to a defect in lysosomal emptying of phagocytic cells due to microtubular dysfunction. May present with partial albinism. | Chediak-Higashi disease |
| Failure of helpter T-cells to produce IFN-gamma, resulting in a decrease in phagocytic activation. | Job syndrome |
| Failure of the body to mount an IgM response to bacteria often presenting as recurrent pyogenic infections, eczema, and thrombocytopenia. IgA and IgE may be elevated. | Wiskott-Aldrich |
| 16 yro sexually active male with rash on trunk and genitals consisting of multiple umbilicated nodules, which are dome-shaped, waxy, and painless. Diagnosis? | Molluscum contagiosum; Poxvirus |
| Bluish white spots on oral mucosa later accompanied by maculopapular rash. Diagnosis? | Measles virus |
| Vesicular rash with macules, papules, and pustules over the head and trunk. | VZV |
| Cytokine that is responsible for dampening the immune response after it is no longer needed. | transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) |
| Cytokine released by helper T cells to stimulate macrophages. | INF-gamma |
| What are the roles of the first five interleukins? | "Hot T-BONE stEAk", IL1-fever (endogenous pyogen; IL2- T cell stimulant; IL3-bone marrow stimulant; IL4- stimulates IgE production; IL5- stimulates IgA production |
| This cytokine activates NK and Th1 cells. | IL12 |
| Patient presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. Linear, double stranded DNA with an envelope. | EBV |
| Linear, double stranded DNA without an envelope. | Adenovirus |
| Double stranded RNA virus. | Reovirus |
| Partially circular, double stranded DNA with an envelope. Viral family? | Hepadnaviridae |
| Segmented, single stranded RNA with negative polarity and an envelope.Virus family? | Orthomyxoviridae |
| Eosinophilic globule found in the liver of those suffering from Yellow fever. | Councilman bodies |
| Eosinophilic inclusion bodies found in the cytoplasm of nerve cells of those suffering from Rabies. | Negri bodies |
| Malaria like syndrome which on microscopic examination of RBC's shows no blood cell pigment, just the maltese cross-appearing parasite. Diagnosis and treatment? | Babesia, treated with Quinidine |
| Patient presents with nausea, vomiting, and irrational behavior after a camping trip. Lab testing reveals meningoencephalitis with amebas in CSF. Dr. tells patient there is no treatment for his infection and patient dies 6 days later. | N. fowleri |
| Patient has enlarged and flaccid heart on chest X-ray. flagellated trypomastigoes in the blood and nonmotile amastigotes in tissue. Diagnosis and treatment? | T. cruzi, nifurtimox |
| Burkitt's lymphoma translocation. | t(8;14) |
| Tumor suppressor genes inactivated by HPV? | p53 and Rb |
| What is the role of the membrane attack complex? | complement mediated insertion of tube like structure into bacterial membrane allowing entry of ions and small molecules into the cell leading to lysis. |
| Complement protein associated with opsonization? | C3b |
| Complement proteins associated with anaphylaxis? | C3a and C5a |
| Defect in DNA repair enzyme associated with IgA deficiency, cerebellar problems, and skin manifestations. | Ataxia-telangiectasia |
| Defect in tyrosine kinase gene associated with low levels of all classes of immunoglobulins. Patients may appear to have no tonsils without history of tonsillectomy. | Bruton's aggamaglobulinemia |
| Why are polysaccharide components of bacterial capsules conjugated to a protein carrier in vaccines? | Because, while B cells are capable of recognizing polysaccharide antigens, they require stimulation from T helper cells which only recognize proteins. |
| Patient presents with multiple coughs in a single breath followed by a deep inspiration. What is the organism responsible? | Whooping cough; Bordetella pertussis |
| A lack of NADPH oxidase activity results in defective neutrophil phagocytosis resulting in increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. | Chronic granulomatous disease |
| Defect in CD40 ligand on CD4 T-helper cells resulting in an inability to class switch IgM to other isotypes (elevated IgM, low levels all others). | Hyper-IgM syndrome |
| Patient suffering from selective immunoglobulin deficiency with recurrent sinus and lung infections most likely is deficient in what immunoglobulin? | IgA |
| Infection precipitating ascending symmetric muscle weakness that begins after an episode of fever and diarrhea. What is the syndrome? | Guillain-Barre; can be caused by C. jejuni, H. influenzae, CMV, EBV, VZV, and M. pneumoniae |
| Spherules at 37 degrees C, branched at hyphae at 25 degrees C. | Coccidoides |
| Broad based budding yeast at 37 degrees C, hyphae at 25 degrees C. | Blastomyces |
| Patient presents with a well=demarcated skin lesion with a black base following a tick bite. Organism responsible? | Francisella tularensis |
| Patient presents with recurrent staph infections, eczema, and high levels of IgE. Diagnosis? | Job syndrome |
| Failure of development of 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches are common in this syndrome leading to immune deficiency. | DiGeorge syndrome; thymic aplasia and failure of development of parathyroid lead to immune deficiency and hypocalcemia |
| RUQ pain, fever and jaundice. What do you think? | Charcot's triad; cholangitis |
Created by:
rahjohnson
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