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WEDS
weathering, erosion, deposition, soil
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| weathering | general term for breaking apart rocks |
| frost wedging | a type of physical weathering where ice freezes in cracks, causing the cracks to expand |
| exfoliation | type of physical weathering where the outer layer is stripped away, leaving a smooth dome shape. |
| abrasion | when small rocks and sand rub against larger rocks, causing pieces to weather away (example - sphinx) |
| oxidation | a type of chemical weathering causing minerals to "rust" when exposed to oxygen and moisture. |
| acid rain | a type of chemical weathering where chemicals in the air mix with rain water |
| biological weathering | when plant roots or burrowing animals cause rocks to crack or break |
| soil | mixture of weathered rocks, air, water, mineral fragments, and decayed organic matter |
| humus | decaying plants and animals; nutrition for plants |
| A horizon | also known as topsoil; lots of humus and very little rock; usually dark color and fertile |
| B horizon | also known as subsoil; contains less humus and is less fertile than A horizon; lighter in color |
| C horizon | contains mostly weathered rock and little organic matter from plants and animals |
| bedrock | unweathered rock (solid) |
| erosion | the moving of rock from one place to another |
| deposition | the laying down of rock; formations |
| delta | fan shaped landform created when sediments are dropped at the mouth of a river |
| canyon | landform created when a river weathers and erodes a deep V shape between two cliffs |
| sand dunes | when sand is blown about and dropped in a pile |
| U-shaped valley | a area of earth carved out by a large, slow moving glacier |
| No-till farming | when plant material is left to decay after the harvest; used to reduce erosion |
| contour farming | when farmers plant rows going across slopes and not going up/down. Used to reduce soil erosion |
| terracing | when farmers build flat areas in the side of hill to plant crops; used to reduce soil erosion |