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CSCE 230 Ch 1

Computer Organization Chapter 1

TermDefinition
Computer Hardware Circuits, magnetic/optic storage, electromechanical and communication
Computer architecture Encompasses specification of an instruction set and functional behavior of hardware units
Embedded Computers integrated into a larger device/system
Desktop Computer that serves general needs
Workstation Higher computational and graphical capacity
Portable/Notebook basic functionality
Servers/Enterprise Systems Meant to be shared by a large number of users
Supercomputers Used for huge calculations
Processor Arithmetic/Logic and main control circuits
I/O Input/Output
Program List of instructions that perform a task
Data Numbers/characters used as operands by the instructions
Bits 0 or 1
Primary/Main memory Programs are stored here during execution
Words Groups of bits. Typically 16, 32, or 64 bits
Address Numbers that identify locations
RAM Memory in which any location can be accessed in a short and fixed amount of time
Memory Access Time Time required to access one word
Cache RAM unit that holds sections of a program currently being executed
Secondary Storage HDDs, CD/DVDs, SSDs
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) Any arithmetic operation is handled by this.
Registers High speed storage elements that store 1 word
Control unit Coordinates ALU, memory, and I/O
Created by: mcnuggetrage
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