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Science
Rocks Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What rock is felsic, coarse grained? | granite |
| What rock is mafic, coarse grained? | gabbro |
| What rock is intermediate, coarse grained? | diorite |
| What rock is felsic, fine grained? | rhyolite |
| What rock is intermediate, fine grained? | andesite |
| What rock is mafic, fine grained? | basalt |
| What rock has a glassy texture? | obsidian |
| What rock is felsic, frothy? | pumice |
| What rock is mafic, frothy? | scoria |
| frothy texture | fine-grained rocks that have spaces due to gas bubbles escaping as lava solidifies |
| porphyritic texture | rocks that have large crystals embedded in matrix of smaller crystals |
| phenocrysts | the large crystals in porphyritic rocks |
| xenoliths | angular fragments that are created when igneous rock intrudes and breaks up eisiting rock |
| brecciated igneous rock | rocks that have xenoliths embedded in a matrix of rock |
| how igneous rocks are created | igneous rocks are created when molten lava cools and hardens |
| igneous rocks are classified | igneous rocks are classified by their mineral composition (color) and their texture (crystal size) |
| felsic | light colored rock |
| mafic | dark colored rock |
| intermediate | 50% light minerals, 50% dark minerals |
| intrusive rocks | rocks formed when magma cools, also called plutonic |
| coarse grained igneous rocks | cool slowly, developes large crystals |
| fine grained igneous rocks | cool quickly, developes small crystals |
| extrusive rocks | rocks formed when lava cools, also called volcanic |
| fine grained igneous rocks can be found where? | in volcanicnecks, on lava plateaus next to volcanoes, and on the ocean floor |
| glassy texture | formed when lava cools so quickly that crystals have no time to form |
| name and spell correctly four igneous rock structures | dike, sill, batholith, laccolith |
| sedimentary rocks are formed by... | ...compaction and cementation |
| sedimentary rocks form when... | ...the products of weathering are transported by erosion to a new location where they are deposited and eventually lithified into rock |
| four erosional agents and which one is the best? | rivers, waves, wind, glaciers, moving water is the best |
| how are sedimentary rocks classified? | they are classified based on how they were formed and their texture |
| clastic sedimentary rock | formed from separate fragments |
| chemical sedimentary rock | formed from dissolved minerals |
| organic sedimentary rock | formed from the remains of living things |
| clastic sedimentary rocks are classified by... | ...particle size |
| rock formed from gravel sized round pieces | conglomerate |
| rock formed from gravel sized sharp pieces | breccia |
| rock formed from sand sized pieces | sandstone |
| rock formed from clay sized pieces | shale |
| how are chemical sedimentary rocks classified? | they are classified by mineral content |
| some examples of chemical sedimentary rocks are... | limestone, chert, rock salt, rock gypsum |
| how are organic sedimentary rocks classified? | they are classified by organic remains |
| examples of organic sedimentary rocks? | coquina, chalf, limestone, coal |
| metamorphic rocks are formed by... | ...heat and pressure |
| what is metamorphism? | metamorphism is when pre-existing rocks change by adding heat, pressure and hot chemical fluids |
| what rocks can metamorphic rocks be formed from? where are they formed? | they can be formed from igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. they are normally formed underground |
| two types of metamorphism? | contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism |
| what is contact metamorphism? | contact metamorphism is when hot magma pushes through existing rock, only the rocks near or touching the magma are changed |
| what is regional metamorphism? | regional metamorphism occurs when the movement of one tectonic plate against another causes heat and pressure that chemically changes the minerals of the rock |
| what are the differences between contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism? | contact metamorphism affects much less rock, its effects are not as drastic, and foliation is not produced |
| how are metamorphic rocks classified? | metamorphic rocks are classified according to their structure |
| foliation | bands that appear in metamorphic rocks, the rocks split easily along these layers |
| foliated rocks... | ...are formed by extreme pressure that flattens the mineral crystals in the original rock and pushes them into parallel bands. When minerals of different densities separate into bands, alternating dark and light bands are produced |
| Example of foliated rock? | slate, gneiss (a rock with bands of minerals) |
| What does adding more heat and pressure to slate change it into? | schist |
| what is the parent rock for gneiss? | granite |
| unfoliated rocks... | ...have no bands |
| what is the parent rock for quartzite | sandstone |
| what is the parent rock for marble | limestone |
| what is the rock cycle? | the rock cycle summarizes the formation and breakdown of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks |
| sediment | products of weathering and erosion |
| cemetation | when silica, calcite, or iron oxide is used to cement together clastic sedimentary rocks |
| ripple marks | sedimentary feature formed by the action of winds, streams, waves, or currents on sand |
| mud cracks | sedimentary feature that developes when deposits of wet clay dry and contract |
| cross-bedding | when beds are deposited in leaning positions |
| geodes | small hollow spheres of sillica rock surrounded with crystals of quartz or calcite |
| how is magma formed | melting |
| concretion | nodules that form when minerals precipitated from solution build up around rock particles |
Created by:
mchase
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