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astronomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| light-years are a measure of ... | distance |
| A light year is a measure of how far _ can travel in __. | light... one year |
| We use the method of __ to determine how far away stars are from Earth. | parallax |
| If a star moves a lot in the sky from winter to summer, it is ___ than other stars that did not move much. | closer |
| All stars are huge spheres of .. | gases |
| Stars release huge amounts of ... | energy |
| A stars __ reveals its temperature | color |
| What is fusion? | When two atoms are smashed together to form a new kind of atom |
| What is the "fuel" of a star? | hydrogen |
| We classify stars according to their __, __ and __ | size, temperature, luminosity (and color) |
| What class of star is our suN? | G |
| How bright a star looks from Earth depends on | a) distance from Earthb) absolute magnitude (how bright it really is) |
| What is absolute magnitude? | How bright a star really is, compared to other stars |
| What is apparent magnitude? | How bright a star appears from Earth |
| In main sequence stars, the ___ a star the hotter, brighter, and faster it burns. | bigger |
| What are the classes of stars in order of hottest to coldest? | O B A F G K M |
| In stars, the gas ___ undergoes fusion to become ___. | 2 atoms of hydrogen.... 1 atom helium |
| Our sun is a __ sized star. | Medium |
| When our sun nears the end of its life, it will form a __ but not a __ or a __. | white dwarf.... not a black hole or neutron star |
| What color are class K stars? | orange |
| What color are class O stars? | Blue/White |
| What color are class B stars? | Blue/White |
| What color are class M stars? | red |
| What color are class A stars? | White |
| What color are class G stars? | yellow |
| What color are class F stars? | pale yellow |
| Our solar system is a ___ system. | single star system |
| What is an eclipsing binary? | When two stars in a binary system are moving past each other, and one appears to eclipse the other. |
| What 2 kinds of evidence do we have that a star is a binary system, even if we can't see the 2nd star? | a) wobble b) eclipsing |
| How many galaxies are in our universe? | 40 billion is the best estimate we have now |
| In a binary system, when one star's gravity affects the other and makes it move back and forth, this is called... | wobble |
| How many stars are in a galaxy? | billions, if not trillions |
| What is the name of our galaxy? | The milky way |
| What shape is the milky way galaxy? | spiral |
| What is the nearest galaxy to the milky way? What is its shape? | Andromeda, it's spiral shaped |
| What is the next nearest star to our sun? | Alpha Centauri <- this is not on your test |
| What is a "falling star" really? | meteor |
| What is an asteroid? | a huge rock in space |
| What is a meteoroid? | a small rock in space |
| What is a meteor? | A meteoroid that has entered Earth's atmosphere |
| A red giant will form either a ___ in large stars or a ___ in massive stars. | neutron star, black hole |
| Small and medium stars will form a __ at the end of their life cycle, which will form a ___ when it runs out of energy. | White dwarf ... black dwarf |
| What is a star explosion called? | Supernova |
| What is a comet? | A huge chunk of ice and dirt that revolves around the sun like the planets do |
| What is a meteorite? | a space rock on Earth's surface |
| All stars start out as a ... | nebula |
| When the gases in a nebula stick together due to gravity, they form a... | protostar |
| A protostar does not become a real star until ___ starts. | fusion |
| One possible theory of what happens to our universe when it finishes expanding, is that it will ___. This is called the ___. | contract..... "big crunch" |
| A black hole has such strong ___ that it pulls in everything, even light. | gravity |
| How old is our sun? | 4.6 billion years |
| How old is the universe? | 10-15 billion years |
| Our universe is constantly ___ and has been ever since the big bang occured ___ years ago. | expanding, 10-15 billion years |
| What is the most universally accepted theory of how the universe began? | the big bang theory |
| What was Edwin Hubble's theory? | That the galaxies that are farther away from the Milky Way, are moving away faster than close galaxies |
| The name for a galaxy with a black hole at its center is | quasar |
| The name for a neutron star that gives off radio waves is | pulsar |
| What star is even more dense than white dwarfs? | neutron stars |
| Only the most massive stars become __ when they die. | black holes |
| What happens after a star is a giant or supergiant, depends on the star's ___. | mass |
| What is the next closest galaxy to ours? | Andromeda |
| What shape is the Andromeda galaxy? | spiral |
| What shape is the milky way galaxy? | spiral |
| What are the 3 shapes of galaxies? | spiral, elliptical, irregular |
| Galaxies with very little dust in them, do not... | make new stars |
| How many stars are in a galaxy? | billions, if not trillions |
| What is the name of our galaxy? | The milky way |
| What are the hottest and brightest stars called? | blue giants |
| What are the cool, bright stars called that are the end of a star's life cycle? | red giants or red supergiants |
| What are small, white, dim stars called? | White dwarfs |
| A star spends most of its lifetime as a __ star. | main sequence |
| List the planets in our solar system from closest to the sun to the farthest: | mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune |
| How can we remember the order of the planets? | My very educated mother just served us nachos. |
Created by:
jmclaren
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