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Genetic Unit Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Heredity | The passing of traits and genes to offspring from generation to generation. |
Trait | A characteristic. |
Purebred | Offspring that is bred from two parents of the same breed. |
Hybrid | Dominant and Recessive. |
Offspring | The product of the reproductive process of an animal / A child. |
Genes | set of info that controls a trait. |
Alleles | any form of a gene. |
Dominant | an allele whose trait always show up when the allele is present. |
Recessive | an allele that is hidden when the dominant allele in present. |
Phenotype | the physical appearance of a trait. |
Genotype | the genetic makeup or combination of alleles for a trait. |
Homozygous | 2 of the same allele for a trait. |
Heterozygous | 2 different alleles for a trait. |
Codominance | a condition where neither allele is dominant or recessive. |
Meiosis | the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm - father egg - mother) by which the number of chromosomes is cut in half. |
Haploid Cells | A cell that is the result of meiosis and has half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
Diploid Cells | A cell that is the result of mitosis and has the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. |
Mutations | a change in gene or chromosome. |
Insertion | Type of mutation where extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA. |
Deletion | Type of mutation where a section of DNA is deleted or lost. |
Substitution | Type of mutation where there is an exchange between two bases. |
Sex-linked gene | gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome. |
Carrier | A person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait. |
Sex chromosome | pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female. |
Genetic disorder | An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. |
Pedigree | A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait. |
Selective breeding | The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation. |
Inbreeding | A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed. |
Hybridization | A selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed. |
Clone | organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced. |
Genetic Engineering | The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits. |
Gene therapy | The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to fix the disorder. |
Zygote | a fertilized egg, produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg. |
Fertilization | The joining of a sperm and an egg. |
Punnett Square | A chart that helps determine the traits the offspring will have. |
Probability | A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. |
Messenger RNA | RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm. |
Transfer RNA | RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain. |
Karyotype | A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs. |
Genome | All of the DNA in one cell of an organism. |