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Astronomy Part 1
Vocabulary for unit 2 earth science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Astronomy | Science dealing with material beyond earth's atmosphere |
| Geocentric | Representing the earth as the center |
| Heliocentric | Representing the sun as the center |
| Retrograde motion | Motion in the direct opposite of another movement |
| Ellipse | A regular oval shape |
| Astronomical Unit (AU) | Unit of length. 1 astronomical unit = 149,597,871km |
| Rotation | The action of turning on an axis or a center |
| Revolution | the circular or elliptical movement of around an object |
| Precession | The movement of an axis due to the gravitational pull of the Sun, moon, and other planets |
| Perihelion | The point when a asteroid, planet, or comet is closet to the sun |
| Aphelion | The point when a asteroid, planet, or comet is furthest from the sun |
| Perigree | The point when a moon or satellite is closest to earth |
| Apogee | The point when a moon or satellite is farthest from earth |
| Phases of the moon | New Moon > Waxing Cresent > First Quater > Waxing Gibbous > Full Moon > Waning Cresent > Last Quater > Waning Gibbous |
| Solar Eclipse | When the moon covers the sun |
| Lunar Eclipse | When the moon appears to be darker as it pass through earth's shadow |
| Crater | Holes created by space debris (i.e. meteor, asteroid) |
| Terrestrial planet | A planet made mostly of hard rock or metal |
| Jovian planet | A planet made of gas |
| Nebula | A cloud of gas and dust in outer space, seen as a bright patch from earth |
| Planetesimal | When objects all come together because of the force of gravity to make a planet |
| Asteroid | A small, rocky body |
| Comet | Ice and dust |
| Coma | The atmosphere formed from the evaporated pieces around a comet |
| Meteroid | A small body that becomes a meteor when it enters earth's atmosphere |
| Meteor | A meteroid that enters earth's atmosphere |
| Meteorite | A meteor that survives earth's atmosphere |
| Electromagnectic spectrum | The range of wavelengths and frequencies |
| Photon | a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation |
| Spectroscopy | Science that studies spectra |
| Doppler Effect | An increase or decrease of frequncy or light based on the distance between the source and the observer |
| Refracting Telescope | A telescope that uses a converging lens |
| Reflecting Telescope | A telescope that uses a mirror |
| Radio Telescope | Used to detect radio emissions |
| Hubble Telescope | A telescope launched into space in 1990 and is still functional |
| Space shuttle | Rocket launched spacecraft, used to explore outside earth's atmosphere |
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