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Sleep
Nursing care with sleep
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the physiology of sleep | Cyclical physiological process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness; influences and regulates physiological functions and behavioral responses; circadian rhythm |
| How many phases are there in normal sleep? | 2 |
| What are the two phases of normal sleep | NREM & REM |
| Describe the first two stages of NREM sleep | Stage 1: light sleep, lasts few minutes, easily aroused Stage 2: Period of sound sleep, body functions start to slow, easily aroused, muscles start to relax, lasts 10-20 minutes |
| Describe last two stages of NREM sleep | Stage 3: Start of deep sleep, muscles relaxed, difficult to arouse, lasts 15-30 minutes; Stage 4: Deepest stage of sleep, difficult arouse, sleepwalking lasts 15-30 minutes |
| Describe REM sleep | Vivid dreams occur, rapid eye movement, difficult to arouse, lasts 20 minutes |
| What are the functions of sleep? | Restoration of biological processes, body grows and repairs itself, protein synthesis and cell division for tissue renewal, conserves energy |
| What are factors influencing sleep | lifestyle, drugs/substances, environment, exercise, fatigue, food and calorie intake, emotional stress, usual sleep patterns |
| Distinguis sleep requirements throughout the lifespan | Infants: 16-18 hrs- spend 50% REM sleep; Children: 11-12 hrs; Adolescents- 10 hrs but usually only get 6-7 hrs; Adults: 6-9 hrs-sleep disorders may develop here; Older adults: 4-6 hrs, nap during day |
| What are characteristics of sleep apnea | lack of airflow through nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep; 3 types: central, obstructive, mixed; most common: obstructive, Risk factors: obesity & hypertension |
| What are characteristics of insomnia | Chronic issue; frequent awakenings at night; most common sleep related complaint; excessive daytime sleepiness, insignificant sleep quality & quantity; occurs most commonly in women; transient insomnia- situational stresses, acute insomnia 2 wks/less |
| What are characteristics of restless leg syndrome | More common in women/ older people/ iron deficiency anemia, reoccurring rhythmical movement of legs, itching sensation deep in muscles only relieved with leg movement, prevents relaxation and subsequent sleep, CNS disorder |
| What are some nursing diagnosis appropriate for patients with sleep alterations | anxiety, ineffective breathing pattern, acute confusion, compromised family coping, ineffective coping, insomnia, fatigue, sleep deprivation, readiness for enhanced sleep |
| Describe health promotion measures for sleep and rest | exercise, heathy lifestyle, good diet, comfortable environment, safety, bedtime routine, refrain caffeine before bed, refrain use of drugs/alcohol |
Created by:
amandamarie194
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