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Biology-Atom Bonding
From Chapter 2 of the text book: "Biology:A Guide to the Modern World" by Krogh
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two classes of things | matter and energy |
| Matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| mass | a measure of the quantity of matter |
| Energy | the ability to do work |
| atoms | atoms are the samllest particle unit of an element |
| Three parts of an atoms | Protron, nuetrons, elctrons |
| Protrons | positively charged |
| Nuetrons | Nuetrally charged |
| Electron | negatively charged |
| nucleus | protrons and nuetron collected together |
| How are atoms classed? | Atoms are classified together by the number of electrons and protrons it has |
| elements | atoms of like substances |
| Number of naturally occuring elements? | 92 |
| Atomic Number | number of protrons in the nucleus |
| Isotopes | An element having a different number of nuetrons in the nucleus |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms joined in a chemical bond |
| stable, unreactive, and/or intert atoms | electrons fill every shell |
| unstable and/or reactive elements | electrons do not fill every shell |
| Three types of Chemical Bonding | Ionic, covalent, hydrogen |
| Ionic Bonding | one atom giving up an electron to another atom. |
| Covalent Bonding | two atoms sharing electron(s) |
| Octate Rule | each shell, except the one closest to the nucleus, which holds only two, can hold up to 8 electron. |
| Law of Matter Conversion | Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction |
| Polar Covalent Bond | atom attracts electrons more readily to a side of a molecule |
| ionic compound | two or more elements in an ionic bond |
| cation | positvely charged ion |
| anion | negatively charges ion |
| Hydrogen Bonding | several polar covalent bonded molecules |
| Mixture | compounds that mix together with no set amounts |
| Solution | a homogenous mixture of two or more kinds of molecules, atoms, or ions in a uniform manner, where the molecules are the same size |
| Solute | the molecules being disolved |
| Solvent | the molecules being disolved into |
| Suspention | particles are not the same size, and the larger particles will settle |
| Coloids | particles are not the same size but they molecules do not settle |
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