First Aid: Microbiology 4
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| What are the DNA viruses? | HHAPPPy viruses!; Hepadna, herpes, adeno, pox, parvo, papova
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| What is the only single stranded DNA virus family? | Parvo
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| What are the two non-linear DNA viruses? | Papovavirus and Hepadna
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| What is the only DNA virus that is not icosahedral? | Pox; complex structure
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| What is the only DNA virus that does not replicate in the nucleus? | Pox; carries its own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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| What are the 3 naked DNA virus families? | PAP; Parvo, adeno, papova
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| What are the 3 naked RNA virus families? | CPR; Calicivirus, Reovirus, picornavirus
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| What is the only RNA virus that is not single stranded? | Reovirus
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| What are the viruses in the picornavirus family? | "PERCH on a peak (pico)"; Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV
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| What are the viruses in the herpesvirus family? | HSV, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV6, HHV8
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| From what families do the hepatitis viruses come from? | B, hepadna; A, picorna; C, Flavi; D, Delta; E, Calici
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| This virus is a common cause of conjunctivitis. | "pink eye"; adenovirus
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| This virus causes aplastic crises in sickle cell disease, "slapped cheeks" rash (erythema infectiosum, and hydrops fetalis. | B19 parvovirus
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| These HPV and JCV belong to this viral family | Papovavirus
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| This virus is can cause molluscum contagiosum in the immunosuppressed. | Poxvirus
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| Norwalk virus belongs to this family, along with HEV | Calicivirus
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| Colorado tick fever and rotavirus belong to this family of virus. | Reovirus
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| This is the #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children. | Rotavirus; remember only 3 viruses cause diarrhea (rotavirus, norwalk, and adeno)
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| Yellow fever, dengue, St. Louis encephalitis, and West nile virus all belong to this family of virus. | Flavivirus
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| This family of virus include rubella, eastern and western equine encephalopathies | Togavirus
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| These viruses have reverse transcriptase? | Retroviruses and HBV
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| This family of viruses are generally attributed with the common cold and SARS. | Coronavirus; (rhinovirus is also a cause of the common cold but belongs to pico family)
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| The influenza virus are within this family of virus. | Orthomyxoviruses
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| This family of viruses include parainfluenza, RSV, measles, and mumps. | paramyxoviruses
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| Rabies family of viruses. | Rhabdovirus
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| This family includes Ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever. | Filoviruses
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| This disease is associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV patients. | JCV
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| This virus is not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase. | HBV
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| These viruses must transcribe negative strand to positive using RNA polymerase. | Negative-stranded viruses; Arena, Buny, Paramyxo, Orthomyxo, Filo, Rhabdo (Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication!)
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| This virus is the cause of the common cold. | Rhinovirus; 100 serotypes (Coronavirus is also cause of common cold)
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| Patient presents with parotitis, orchitis, and aseptic meningitis. Diagnosis? | Mumps virus
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| Patient presents with bluish-gray spots on buccal mucosa. Diagnosis? | Measles virus
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| What is genetic drift and genetic shift, and which is worse? | Drift is minor changes based on random mutation, this is the cause of epidemics; Shift is reassortment of viral genomes (such as human flu A recombines with swine flu A), this is the cause of pandemics and is much worse.
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| What is the treatment for influenza? | Amantadine and rimantidine for influenza A; Zanamivir and oseltamivir (neuraminidase inhibitors) are useful for both A and B
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| Negri bodies (cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons) are often found in this fatal encephalitis. | Rabies
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| Patient presents with fever, black vomitus, and jaundice. Councilman bodies (acidophilic inclusions) may be seen in liver. | Yellow fever; jaundice makes you yellow, "Flavi" means yellow in latin.
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| Patient presents with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy in posterior auricular nodes. Positive monospot test. | EBV; mononucleosis, monospot test is heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBC's (used to distinguish EBV from CMV in mono)
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| What is the Tzanck test? | Smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells in HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV
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| How is HAV transmitted? | fecal-oral transmission
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| How is HBV transmitted? | Parenteral, sexual, and maternal-fetal routes
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| How is HCV transmitted? | primarily via blood
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| How is HEV transmitted? | enterically and causes water-borne epidemics
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| Which hepatitis variants predispose to cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma? | HBV and HCV
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| This hepatitis variant requires HBV coinfection | HDV; requires HBsAg as envelope
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| This from of hepatitis is particularly fatal in pregnant women. | HEV
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| This hepatitis is chronic and generates the most carriers. | HCV; chronic, cirrhosis, carriers
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| This is a marker for active hepatitis A infection. | IgM HAVAb
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| This marker indicates HBV carrier state. | HBsAg
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| This marker indicates immunity to HBV. | HBsAb
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| This marker indicates recent HBV infection. | HBcAb
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| This hepatitis marker indicates high transmissibility. | HBeAg (e antigen is a second core antigen, antibodies to HBeAb, indicate lower transmissibility)
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| Both acute HBV and chronic carriers of HBV have positive HBsAg and HBcAb and negative HBsAb. How are the two distinguished? | Active disease has HBcAb of the IgM variety, whereas chronic carriers have IgG HBcAb (also carriers actually have HbsAb, but it's all bound to HBsAg)
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| What tests are used to determine HIV infection? | ELISA (high false pos, low threshold) followed by Western blot (high false neg, high threshold)
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| What is PCR used for in HIV patients? | Monitor viral load, used to follow drug therapy in patients
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| What mutation conveys HIV immunity? | CCR5 homozygotes (heterozygotes follow a slower course)
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| What mutation conveys a rapid progression to AIDS? | CXCR1 mutation
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| What oppurtunistic infections frequent the brain in AIDS patients? | cryptococcus, toxoplasmosis, CMV, and JCV (PML)
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| What oppurtunistic infections affect the eyes in AIDS patients? | CMV retinitis
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| What oppurtunistic infections affect the lungs of AIDS patients? | Pneumocystis carinii, TB, histoplasmosis
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| What oppurtunistic infections affect the skin of AIDS patients? | VZV (shingles), and HHV-8 (Kaposis sarcoma), Pox (molluscom contagiosum)
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Created by:
rahjohnson
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