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Biology Study Keyy
9.29.15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cells | the basic unit of life |
| cell theory | all living things are made up of cells cells are the basic units of living things cells come from cells |
| cell membrane | a thin flexible barrier that surrounds the cell |
| what is the cell membrane sometimes called? | the plasma membrane |
| nucleus | a large membrane enclosed structure that controls genetic material in the form of DNA and controls many cell's activities |
| Eukaryotes | cells that enclose their DNA in nuclei |
| Prokaryotes | cells that do not enclose their DNA in the nuclei |
| prokaryotes | smaller and simpler do not separate genetic material in the nucleus carries out activities associated with living things bacteria |
| eukaryotes | larger and more complex contains internal membranes nucleus separates the genetic material from the cell plants and animals |
| cytoplasm | the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| do prokaryotes have a cytoplasm? | yes, but not a nucleus |
| organelles | little organs |
| nucleus | contains all of the cell's DNA and the coded intructions to make proteins |
| do prokaryotes have a nucleus? | no, but they do have DNA |
| chromosomes | carries the cell's genetic information |
| where are chromosomes found? | in the nucleus |
| nucleolus | where the assembly of ribosomes begins |
| vacuoles | stores water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates |
| vacuoles | large, sac-like, membrane enclosed structures |
| do plants have a vacuole? | yes, but they have a central vacuole |
| where are vacuoles found for? | some uncellular organisms and some animals |
| vesselles | store and move materials between cell organelles |
| lysosomes | "the clean up crew" |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes they break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins ino small molecules |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments that gives eukaryote cells thier shape |
| cytoskeleton | flagella and cillia helps maintain cell shape and is also involved in movement microfilaments and microtubules make up the cytoskeleton |
| microfilaments | threadlike structures made up of actin(protein) they help cells move |
| microtubules | hollow structures made up of tubulins(protein) they help maintain the cell's shape important in cell division and helps separate chromosomes |
| centrioles | located near the nucleus and helps organize cell division |
| are centrioles found in plant cells? | no |
| ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells |
| what are ribosomes known as? | "the boss" |
| proteins are assembled on what? | ribosomes |
| endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane that the eukaryote cell contains |
| where are lipid components ofthe cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell? | the endoplasmic reticulum |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | ER involved in the sythesis of proteins/ rought because ribosomes are found on its surface |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | it is called this because no ribosomes are found on it's surface |
| golgi apparatus | where proteins that were produced in the rough ER move into a stack of flattened membranes modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials |
| what does the golgi apparatus do? | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials |
| chloroplasts | the biological equivalents of solar power plants capture energy from sunlight and converts it into food two membranes surround it |
| mitochondria | found in all eukryotic cells, including plants power plants of a cell converts chemical energy from food into compounds two membranes/ outer and inner has their own genetic information |
| cell wall | most prokaryotes a strong supporting layer around that membrane supports, shapes and protects the cell |
| which has a cell wall, plants or animals? | plants, not animals |
| lipid bilayer | gives cell membranes a flexible structure that forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
Created by:
nalcazar
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