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Chest and Lungs
Health Assessment Exam 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Right Bronchus | Wide, shorter, and more vertically placed |
| Accessory Respiratory Muscles | Sternonucleiomastoid and Trapezius |
| Oblique Fissure | Divides upper lower lobes |
| Horizontal Figure | Divides upper and middle @ 5th and 4th rib |
| Costal Margin | Formed by costal margins at sternum |
| Diaphragm | Dominant respiratory muscle |
| Bacterial Respiratory Infection | Mucous is yellow, green with possibly blood |
| Viral Respiratory Infection | Clear mucous |
| Chronic Respiratory Infection | Mucous is blood streaked, yellow, green, and/or clear |
| Carcinoma | Slight, persistent, intermittent, and blood streaked |
| Tuberculosis | Large amount of blood "rusty" |
| Pneumonia | Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs |
| Pneumothorax | Accumulation of air/gas in pleural space (trachea shift) |
| Pulmonary Embolus | One or more arteries block by clot in lungs |
| Pericardial Tamponade | Type of effusion in which fluid, pus, blood, or gas accumulates in sac enclosing heart |
| Kussmaul | Rapid, deep, labored breathing |
| Cheyne-Stokes | Varying periods of increasing depth interspersed with apnea |
| Ataxic | Significant disorganization with irregular/varying depths of respirations |
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND) | Suddenly wakes at night with SOB and can't lie down |
| Stridor | High pitched wheezing, gasping sounds |
| Strider Sounds | A/W obstruction (nasal flaring, audible w/o steth) |
| Clubbing | Results from prolonged hypoxic |
| Pectus Excavatum | "Funnel Chest" depression of lower sternum |
| Funnel Chest | A/W poor posture (pot-belly or sunken chest) |
| Pectus Carinatum | 'Pigeon Chest" sternum displaced anteriorly |
| Traumatic Flail Chest | Section of ribs fractured (one side moves in and other moves out) |
| Bronchophony | Greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken sounds (test w/ 99) |
| Ecophony | Increased nasal quality (E's become A's) |
| Whispered Pectriloquy | Whispers heard w/ steth (a/w consolidation) |
| Dullness | Lung fluid or solid filled |
| Pneumonia/Tumor | Dullness indicates |
| Hyperresonant | Lungs overinflated |
| Emphysema/Asthma | Hyperresonancy indicates |
| Pneumothorax | Unliateralness indicates |
| Tracheal Bronchial | Heard only over trachea; harsh sounds |
| Vesicular sounds | Low pitched |
| Bronchiovesicular Sounds | Medium Pitched (not present under 2yrs) |
| Crackles(Rales) | High pitched sounds r/t air in small airways pasting through fluid/secretions |
| Wheezes | Musical sounding note r/t air being forced through obstructed airway (r/t tumors, mucous, asthma) |
| Rhonchi | Sonorous wheezes or low coarse sounds that clear with coughing r/t secretions in large airways |
| Friction Rub | Dry, grating sound during inspiration & expiration r/t pleurisy |
| Crackles | Heard down low (in lung periphery so louder on inhalation) |
| Rhonchi | Head up high |
| Tactile Frennitus | Vibration intensity on chest wall |
| Pneumonia Effects | Bronchophony, increased tactile frennitus, crackles, and dullness |
| Atelectasis | Incomplete expansion of lung (congenital) |
| Consolidation | Solidification of part of lung into firm, dense mass |
| Emphysema | Accumulation of air in tissue or organs |
| Pleurisy | Inflammation r/t pneumonia |
| Pleural Cavity | Serous membranes covering lungs and lung cavity |
| Fine crackles | High pitched, heard during end of inspiration |
| Medium crackles | Lower, more moist sound during mid inspiration |
| Coarse crackles | Loud, bubbly noise during inspiration |
| Sweet Breath | Diabetes/starvation |
| Fishy/Ammonia Breath | Renal dysfunction |
| Foul Breath | GI, nasal/sinus infection, lung abscess |
| Cinnamon Breath | TB |
| Ataxic or Biots | Poison or head injury |
| COPD | Expiration longer than inspiration |
| Pleural dysfunction | A/w laughing&coughing, sharp pain, "pressure", relieved by holding breath |
| Exhalation End | Most effective cough |
| Smoking history/Sinus Drainage | Crackles clear after cough |
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