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Earth Science

Vocabulary

TermDefinition
landforms physical features on the Earth’s surface
deltas a deposit of sediment, usually triangular, formed from silt, sand, and small rocks found at the mouth of some 
rivers
canyon a deep valley with very steep sides formed when moving water cuts through the Earth’s surface
sand dune a rounded hill or ridge of drifted sand formed when 
 wind-blown sand builds up
valley low land lying between hills or mountains when water and 
ice wear away rock and soil
mountains and masses that rise high above the surrounding area when tectonic plates crash or grind together
weathering the process of breaking down rock into soil, sand, & other sediments
erosion the process of moving sediment from one place to another
deposition the process of dropping, or depositing, sediment to a new location
sediment broken down pieces of rock
constructive forces building up land, such as deltas or islands
destructive forces breaking down landforms, such as 
glaciers, wind, or water erosion
fossils the remains or traces of past life found in the Earth’s 
crust
natural resource useful minerals and other materials that people take from the Earth
renewable resource a resource that can be replaced within 
a short amount of time Ex.: plants, animals, water, soil, & oxygen
non-renewable resource a resource that cannot be replaced 
within a short amount of time Ex.: 
 coal, oil, natural gas, rocks, & minerals
fossil fuels a fuel formed from the remains of once living 
organisms
solar energy energy produced from the sun
wind energy energy produced from the natural movement of 
wind
biomass energy energy that comes from materials that were once living Ex.: plants or some types 
of garbage
geothermal energy energy that comes from heat generated deep inside the Earth from items like hot rocks, hot water, and/or steam
hydroelectric energy energy produced from moving or falling water
Created by: beard5th
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