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Earth Science
Chapter 3 Section 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| rock | _____ is a solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet |
| magma | magma is molten material that forms deep within the earth's surface |
| lava | magma that reaches the surface |
| weathering | a process in which rocks are physically chemically broken down by water, air, and living things |
| sediment | _______ is made up of weathered pieces of earth materials |
| fire | what does the latin word ignis mean? |
| intrusive igneous rocks | rocks that form when magma hardens beneath the earth's surface |
| extrusive igneous rocks | when lava hardens, the rocs that form are called _______ |
| slow cooling magma | results in the formation of large crystals |
| rapid cooling magma | results in rocks with small, interconnected mineral grains |
| continental crust | intrusive granitic rocks make up most of the ____________ |
| ocean floor | basaltic igneous rocks make most of the earth's ___________ |
| weathering | _________ is the first step in the formation of sedimentary rocks |
| erosion | _______ involves weathering and the removal of rock |
| depostion | when an agent of erosion-water, wind, ice, or gravity-loses energy, it drops sediments |
| compaction | a process that squeezes or compacts sediments |
| cementation | takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among the sediments |
| clastic sedimentary rocks | _______ _______ ______ are made of weathered bits of rocks and minerals |
| chemical sedimentary rocks | ______ _______ _______ form when dissolved substances precipitate or separate from water solutions |
| 90% | ___% of limestone are formed from biochemical sediments |
| temperatures and pressures | most metamorphic changes occur at elevated _________ and ________ |
| hot magma moves into rock | during contact metamorphism, ___ _____ _____ ____ ____ |
| regional | _______ metamorphism results in large-scale deformation and high-grade metamorphism |
| heat | the most important agent is ____ |
| magma and the change in temperature | what 2 sources produce the heat for metamorphism? |
| hydrothermal solutions | when these water-based solutions escape from a mass of magma, they are called ______ ______ |
| composition | as a result of contact with hydrothermal solutions, a change in the rocks overall _________ may occur |
| layered or banded | foliated metamorphic rocks have _______ or _______ appearance |
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VickieJ10
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