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Fungi
Leaving Cert Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the study of fungi called | Mycology |
| What are the walls of fungi made of | Chitin |
| Do fungi have a membrane enclosed nucleus and mitochondria | Yes |
| How do fungi reproduce | Spores |
| Fungi secrete enzymes into food and absorb molecules, what type of nutrition is this | Heterotrophic |
| The body structure consists of thread like structure called hyphae which together form what structure | Mycelium |
| What type of fungi live on live hosts and do not kill their host | Obligate parasites |
| What type of fungi kill the host and feed on the dead remains | Facultative parasites |
| Name two edible fungi | Field mushroom and truffle |
| Name two poisonous fungi | Death cap and destroying angel |
| Rhizopus stolonifer is better known as what fungi | Bread mould |
| When a hyphae grows up on the surface, what is it called | Stolon |
| Some hyphae have a larger surface than others, what are they called | Rhizoids |
| In asexual reproduction when hyphae grow upwards, what are they know as | Sporangiophores |
| The swollen tip of a sporangiophore is called what | Sporangium |
| What do you call the wall at the base of the sporangium | Columella |
| What happens to the cells present in the sporangium | They divide by miotosis to form spores |
| When conditions are favourable what happens to the sporangium | It bursts to release spores |
| When spores are released and if they land on a suitable substrate, new hyphae grow, what type of reproduction is this | Asexual reproduction |
| In sexual reproduction, two different hyphae are needed, what name is given to the two hyphae | Positive and negative strain |
| When a positive and negative strain hyphae grow close to each other, what happens | Two swellings occur opposite each other and they eventually touch |
| When the two swellings in the positive and minus strain touch, what happens next | Hapolid nuclei (sex cells) move in forming a progametangium |
| When a cross wall forms on the progametangium, what is the structure called | Gametangium |
| When the cross walls dissolve, many fertilisations take place to produce what | Dipoloid zygote nuclei |
| A tough, black walled structure forms around the diploid zygote nuclei, what is it called | Zygospore |
| When conditions are favourable what happens the zygospore | It germinates by meiosis, a haploid hypha grows out and produces a sporangium at the top which then produces new hyphae |
| Are yeast multicellular or unicellular | Unicellular |
| What shape and size are yeast cells | Tiny round or oval |
| The walls of yeast cells are made of what type of carbohydrate | Chitin |
| What is present inside a yeast cell | Nucleus, cytoplasm, food storage vacoules, large vacoule |
| Yeasts respire anaerobically to breakdown sugars (glucose) into what | 2 ethanol+ 2 carbon dioxide |
| What name is given to the asexual reproduction method that occurs in yeasts | Budding |
| During budding does the cell divide by meiosis or mitosis | Mitosis |
| Sometimes when a yeast is growing rapidly new buds may remain attached for some time, what term is given to this chain of buds | Colony |
| Name two economic benefits of fungi | Edible or used in food and drink industry |
| Name two economic disadvantages of fungi | Cause disease and food spoilage |
| Name some common disease caused by fungi | Soft rot, ringworm, athletes foot |
| What techniques are carried out to exclude unwanted microorganisms | Aseptic techniques |
| When all microorganisms are destroyed, what is this called | Sterile |
| Why is it necessary to seal a petridish with microorganisms growing on it with tape | Because its unknown if microorganisms that are growing are harmful |
| Name some steps that should be taken to avoid contamination by unwanted microorganisms | Sterilise equipment, flame equipment before and after use |
| When investigating the growth of leaf yeast on agar plates, why do you have to wash your hands first. | To reduce the chance of microorganisms being on your hands |
| What should you clean the bench with | Disinfectant |
| Why should you heaten the tip of the forceps in flame for a few minutes | To ensure there will be no microorganisms |
| What id agar derived from | Seaweed |
| Why should you use a sterile forceps to pick up the leaf | To prevent transfer of microorganisms |
| Why should you put a piece of blu tack or vaseline on upper surface of leaf | To attach leaf to the lid |
| Are there more microorganisms present on the upper or lower surface of a leaf | Lower surface |
| Why should you attach the leaf to the lid of the petri dish | Leaf cells can expel there spores onto the surface of the agar |
| At what temperature should you put the incubator at | 25C |
| Why should the plates be incubated upside down | Prevents condensation forming on the lids |
| How should you dispose of the agar plates with microorganisms present | STerilising in autoclave or pressure cooker for 15mins or immersed in dettol for 24hrs |
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gcu biology
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