Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Maxwell Anatomy II
Test II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arteries carry blood _____ from the heart | Away |
| These numerous and small vessels serve this purpose | Exchange |
| Arteries> ______> ________>_________> _________ | arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins |
| How many circuits does the heart have? | 2 |
| What are the 2 major arteries that leave the heart? | Pulmonary and systemic |
| Do capillaries have thin walls or thick walls? | Thin |
| Which is more extensive the systemic or pulmonary circuit | Systemic |
| Where does blood become oxygenated? | The lungs |
| What color depicts arteries of the systemic circuit? | Red |
| What does deoxygenated mean? | Not as much oxygen as it use to be |
| Where does blood become deoxygenated? | The systemic capillaries |
| Where does blood become oxygenated? | The pulmonary capillaries |
| What do arteries not carry? | Oxygenated blood |
| What are 2 important facts about arteries? | 1. They carry blood away from the heart 2. It is systemic oxygenated |
| What are 2 important facts about veins? | 1. They carry blood back to the heart. 2. It is systemic deoxygenated |
| What does the left side of the heart pump? Where to? | Oxygenated blood, through the systemic circuit (systemic aorta) |
| What does the right side of the heart pump? Where to? | Deoxygenated blood,the pulmonary circuit |
| What type of organ is the heart? Located where? | Midline organ, in the medistrium |
| What covers the heart? | A double layer pericardium |
| What is the pericardium? | A double layered sac with a space between |
| What is the pericardium filled with? | Pericardial fluid |
| What is the order from outer to inner? Visceral pericardium, parietal space, parietal pericardium. | Parietal pericardium, parietal space, visceral pericardium |
| Where does the heart get its blood supply? | It has its own |
| What are the first branches from the systemic aorta? | The right and left coronary artery |
| What is the thin walled receiving chamber? | Atrium |
| What is the thick walled pumping chamber? | Ventricle |
| What does the left atrium do? | Receives blood returning from the pulmonary circuit and pumps it into the left ventricle |
| What does the right atrium do? | Receives blood returning from the systemic circuit and pumps it into the right ventricle. |
| ________ have a thick myocardium. | Ventricles |
| Which ventricle has a thicker myocardium that the right ventricle? | Left |
| What is systole? | Contraction or pumping phase |
| What is diastole? | Resting or filling phase |
| Under what phase do the ventricles fill with blood? | Diastole |
| What is atrial systole? | Contraction of atria and it pumps blood into the ventricles |
| What is ventricular systole? | Contraction of ventricles and it pumps blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries |
| Which comes first atrial systole or ventricular systole? | Atrial systole |
| What is the average heart rate? | 70-75 bpm |
| What is the average cardiac cycle? | 0.8 seconds |
| How long does auricular systate last? Ventricular? Complete cardia diastate? | Auricular= 0.1 seconds. Ventricular=0.3 seconds. Complete=0.4 seconds |
| What is the purpose of heart valves? | Reduce back flow of blood |
| What are the two types of heart valves? | Atrioventricular and semilunar |
| What is the purpose of atrioventricular valves? | Prevent flood from flowing backwards into the atria (from the ventricles) |
| What is the purpose of the semilunar valves? | Prevent blood from flowing backwards into the ventricles (from the aortae) |
| Is all back flow abnormal? | No, there is normal and abnormal back flow |
| What is a heart murmur? | Too much back flow |
| What is valvular regurgitation? | Blood leaks in the wrong direction |
| Does the heart stimulus arise in the brain? | No, the brain does not affect the heart |
| What type of stimulus causes the heart to beat? | Myogenic, impulse by muscle |
| What does it mean to say the heart stimulus is intrinsic? | It arises within the heart |
| What is the atrioventricular septum? | The connective tissue between the atrium and ventricle |
| What is the purpose of the atrioventricular septum? | To act as a barrier to passage of impulse |
| What is a nickname for the SA node? | Pacemaker |
| Where do impulses go after they are generated in the SA node? | Atrioventricular septum |
| What type of muscles do ventricles have? | Ventricular muscles |
| What is the function of ventricular muscles? | They act as a conduction system to get rapid transmission to ensure ventricles contract efficiently |
| Where is the electrical signal terminated? | Purkinje fibers |
| What would happen if the electrical signal of the heart moved very fast? | The atrium and ventricles would contract at the same time |
| What is another name for unsynchronous beating? | Fibrillation |
| In terms of electrical events which events occur first then second? | Atrial events then ventricle events |
| Are heart contractions and blood flow electrical? | No |
| Where do electrical impulses arise? | The SA node |
| What is an ECG? What does it do? | Electrocardiogram. It records electrical events |
| What is ECG sometimes referred to as EKG | The "K" originates from the German spelling |
| Which is more serious atrial fibrillation or ventricular fibrillation? | Ventricular |
| What is defibrillation? | A "reset" |
| Homeostasis is a balance between what? | Autonomic branches |
| What does parasympathetic mean? | Rest and digest, 70bpm |
| What does sympathetic mean? | Fight or flight |
| How fast does a denervated heart beat? | 100bpm |
| What is cardiac output? | The volume of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute |
| What does heart rate affect? | Stroke volume |
| What 3 things does stroke volume influence? | 1. How much blood is in the ventricles 2. End diastolic volume 3. Strength of contraction |
| CO= ___ x ___ | CO= HR x SV |
| What is the autonomic principal of dual innervation? | That we have a sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system |
| What causes cardiac contractility? | The sympathetic nervous system |
| What happens during cardiac contractility? | The heart beats stronger |
| How does the parasympathetic nervous system influence heart rate? | Through the SA node |
| Where are the cardiac centers of the brain located? | In the medulla oblongata |
| What is the biggest part of the brain? | The cerebrum |
| What does the cerebrum control? | Conscious activity |
| What do the cardiac centers regulate? | Parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system |
| What happens with a positive chronotropic effect? | The heart beats stronger and increased contractibility |
| What does the vagus nerve do? | Slows heart down, pacemaker |
| What happens with a positive inotropic effect? | Increased strength of contraction |
| What type of effector is the heart? | Autonomic |
| Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter for what nervous system? | Parasympathetic |
| Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter for what nervous system? | Sympathetic |
| What happens when you put Ach on skeletal muscle versus heart muscle? | Skeletal contracts and heart slows down |
| When is a chemical secreted? | When a nerve impulse gets to the end of the pathway |
| What is the entire circulatory time? | 1 minute or 30 seconds per side |
| Do both sides of the heart pump the same amount of blood? | Yes, cardiac output does not differ |
| Increased heart rate reduces what? | Filling time, end diastolic volume and cardiac output |
| Stroke volume is proportional to ______. | End diastolic volume |
| What is the formula for normal end systolic volume? | End diastolic volume - Stroke volume |
| What is ejection fraction? | The amount of blood ejected when the heart beats |
| When exercising as the ejection fraction increases what else increases? | Contractility and cardiac output |
| What does low ejection fraction mean? | The heart is not functioning well. Approximately 30% |
| If you have an increased heart rate why doesn't stroke volume fall? | Because of increased contractility and venous return |
| Why would stroke volume fall with very high heart rates? | Because venous return cannot compensate, not enough filling time |
| When veins constrict what happens to venous return? | It increases |
| What does Starlings law state? | Stroke volume determines end diastolic volume |
| Why does exercise break Starlings law? | Because sympathetic stimulation to ventricles increases contractility. |
Created by:
acegirl5
Popular Biology sets