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PLHS Science9

Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Eon Largest division of geologic time, comprising 2 or more eras
Eras A major period of geologic time consisting of periods
Period Basic unit of geologic time, make up of epochs
Epoch Make up periods
Precambrian Super Eon before Phanerozoic Eon (means "before life")
Cenozoic Latest Era on earth, started 66 million years ago (means "recent time")
Geology Study of earth (we learn about the rock cycle through geology)
Physical Geology Branch of geology for study of the composition of the earth and it's physical changes.
Historical Geology Branch of geology that studies the evolution of the earth and it's life forms
Catastrophism Theory that changes in the earth's crust resulted from sudden, violent and unusual events
Uniformitarianism States that the laws of nature today operate the same as they have in the past.
James Ussher Born in 1581, dated the earth to be created in 4004 BC, based on the Bible
James Hutton Founder of modern geology (born 1726)
Relative Dating The process of placing objects in order of time of what formed 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.
Sedimentary Rock Rocks formed from sediments or pre-existing rocks (ex. sandstone & conglomerate)
Igneous Rock Rocks formed from cooling magma or lava. Can be intrusive or extrusive (ex. granite & obsidian)
Metamorphic Rock Existing rocks that transform because of heat and pressure (ex. marble & slate)
Rock Cycle Process by which rocks are created, changed, destroyed and then created again
Law of Superposition youngest rocks are on the top and oldest are on the bottom
Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships For relative dating, the cross cuts are younger than existing rock.
Dike A sheet of rock that formed in the fracture of preexisting rock.
Sill When magma goes in between rock layers. Usually horizontal
Fault A crack in the earth's crust along which rock has moved.
Inclusions Fragment of a rock in a younger layer
Principle of Fossil Succession Fossils appear in chronological order in their vertical placement in rock.
Index Fossil Fossils that are used to define and identify geologic periods.
Angular Unconformity An unconformity where older sediments have been tilted and younger sediments are on top.
Disconformity An unconformity between parallel layers of sedimentary rock.
Nonconformity Sedimentary rock on top of eroded metamorphic or igneous rock.
Radiometric Dating Compares abundance of a radioactive isotope to identify actual age of a rock. (ex. C-14 dating)
Half-life Time it takes for 1/2 of a radioactive substance to decay. (ex. C-14's half life is 5700 years)
Parent Element Reactant of a nuclear decay.
Daughter Element Product of a nuclear decay.
Created by: PLHSScience9
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