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Pharmacology
Psych E2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| GABA | Neurotransmitter Regulates anxiety (decrease = anxiety) |
| Serotonin | Neurotransmitter regulates sleep, wakefulness, mood, delusions, hallucinations |
| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter regulates cognition, emotional responses, and motivation |
| Norepinephrine | Controls arousal, attention, mood, affect, anxiety, thinking, planning, and interpreting |
| Acetylcholine | Sleep & wakefulness (a/w Alzheimer) |
| Typical Antipsychotic Categories | Phenothiazine and NonPhenothiazines |
| Phenothiazine | Block NE |
| Phenothiazine Drugs | Aliphatic, Piperazines: Prolixin&Trilafon, Piperidine: Thioridazine (Mellaril) |
| NonPhenothiazine | Block Dopamine |
| NonPhenothiazine Drugs | Butyrophenone: Haloperidol(Haldol), Dibenzoxazepines, Dihydroindolone, Thioxanthene |
| Typical Antipsychotic EPS | Pseudoparkinsonism, acute dystopia, akithisia, tardive dyskinesia, NMS |
| Acute Dystonia | Spasms and upward eye movement |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Protrusion/rolling of tongue, chewing motion, lip smacking |
| Pseudoparkinsonism | Rigidity, stooped posture, shuffling gait, tremors |
| Synopsis | Faulty release, reuptake, or elimination of neurotransmitters leads to an imbalance and develops mental disorders |
| Antitypical Antipsychotic Drugs | Clozapine (Clozaril), Riperdone (Risperdal), Olanzapine (Zyprexia), Quetiapine (Seroquel), Invega, Ziprasidone (Geodon) |
| Benzodiazepines | Lorazepam (Ativan) and BuSpar |
| Herbal Antidepressants | St. Johns Wort and Gingko Biloba |
| Antidepressant Categories | TCAs, SSRIs, Atypical, MAOIs, SNRI, Heterocyclic |
| Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) | Elavil, Toframil, Surmontil,, Sinequin, Desiprmine, Nortriptyline, Protiptyline |
| Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | Prozac, Luvox, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexia, Lexapro |
| Atypical Antidepressants | Ascendin, Wellbutrin, Ludiomil, Serzone, Desyrel, Remeron, Effexor |
| Monamine Oxidase Inhibitors | Parnate, Marplan, Nardil |
| SNRI | Selective NE Reuptake Inhibitor |
| Heterocyclic | Affects serotonin, dopamine, NE |
| Mood Stabilizers | Lithium, Anticonvulsants, Atypical Antipsychotics, Benzodiazepines, Calcium Channel Blockers, Antidepressants |
| Anticonvulsants | Carbamazepine (Tegretol), Depakote, Lamictal, Zyprexia, Geodon, Abilify |
| Alternative Uses for Antidepressants | Dysthmia, schizophrenia, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, migraines, chronic pain, and sleep disorders |
| Serotonin Syndrome | Too much serotonin in the CNS |
| Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome | Muscle twitches, tremor, confusion, disorientation, spasms, and shivering |
| Symptoms of Serotonin Withdrawal | F- flu like symptoms & fatigue I - insomnia N - nausea I - imbalance/dizziness S - sensory disturbances H - hyperarousal (anxiety/agitation) |
| TCAs | Increases serotonin and norepinephrine |
| MAOIs | Increase NE, serotonin, and dopamine |
| Side Effects of MAOIs | Elevated BP |
| Avoid with MAOIs | Tyramine foods (chocolate, coffee, bananas, dairy, cheese, beer, wine, soy) |
| Pharmacokinetics | how body affects a drug |
| Absorption | how drug moved into blood stream from site of administration |
| Distribution | how much drug is moved into various body tissues |
| Metabolism | How drug is altered into active and inactive parts |
| Elimination | how much of drug is removed from body |
| Bioavailability | How much reaches systemic circulation unchanged |
| Half-Life | Time it takes for dose amount of drug in body to decrease by 50% |
| Steady State | Plasma drug concentration remains constant between doses (equilibrium between ingestion and excretion) |
| Enzyme | protein that catalyzes 1 or more biochemical reactions |
| Agonist | Drug that stimulates receptor to open its channel |
| Antagonist | drug that blocks the receptor from opening |
| Therapeutic Index | measure of safety and toxicity of a drug |
| Therapeutic Effect | Desired interaction |
| Synergistic Effect | drug interaction whose effects are greater than if given alone |
| Augmentation | Addition of another class of meds to supplement effectiveness of primary med |
| Pharmacodynamics | Effects of drug on body |
| Pyschopharmacogenetics | deals with genetic and environmental factors that control or influence psychotropic drug metabolizing systems |
| Antipsychotics | Block dopamine |
| Atypical Antipsychotics | Block dopamine and serotonin |
| Antidepressants | Increase NE and Serotonin |
| Cholinesterase (ChE) Inhibitors | Increases acetylcholine |
| Benzodiazepines | Enhance GABA effects |
| Traditional/Typical Antipsychotic Target | + Symptoms (Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, disordered thinking) |
| Atypical Antipsychotics Target | + and - Symptoms (blunt affect, decreased social interaction, lack of motivation) |
| Phenothiazine Nursing Care | Photosensitivity: sunscreen/clothing Constipation: Increase fiber and exercise Dry Mouth: Ice or sugar free candy |
| Akathisia | Can't remain still (rule out anxiety or agitation) |
| Anticholinergics | Artane and Benztropine (Cogentin) |
| Clozapine (Clozaril) Warnings | Agranulocytosis, seizures, myocarditis, cv &respiratory effects, and increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia |
| AIMS | Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (detects presence of tardive dyskinesia) |
| Lithium | Naturally occurring salt, first line tx for acute mania clients |
| Lithium reduces what symptoms | Elation, grandiosity, expansiveness, flight of ideas, irritability, manipulativeness, anxiety |
| Lithium Side Effects | Weight gain, tremors, acne, hypothyroidism, n&v, diarrhea, cramps |
| Lithium Mechanism of Action | Increase salt intake = decrease lithium (low levels) Decrease salt intake = increase lithium (toxicity) |
| Bipolar Drugs | Valporic Acid (Depakene), Valproate (Depacon), Depakote |
| Anticonvulsant Side Effects | Dizziness, double vision, headache, Stevens Johnson Syndrom, Agranulocytosis |
| Why benzodiazepines given for bipolar | Treats agitation, insomnia, and anxiety |
| Calcium Channel Blocker Drugs | Calan, Isoptin, Adalat, Procardia, Nimotop |
| Calcium Channel Blockers Use | Bipolar clients with HTN, arrhythmias, pregnancy |
| Side Effects of Calcium Channel Blockers | Dizziness, headache, nausea, arrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, and syncope |
| Short Term Acute Mania Tx | Zyprexa. Abilify, Geoden (Atypical Antipsychotics) |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitor Drugs | Razadyne, Aricept, Exelon, Cognex |
Created by:
TedMed
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