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6th Grade
Rocks unit
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Rock | a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matters |
Rock cycle | the series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes |
Erosion | sediment being transported/moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity |
Weathering | process in which water, wind, ice, and heat break down rock |
Deposition | the process in which sediment is laid down/dropped off |
Composition | the chemical make up of the rock; what minerals are inside it |
Texture | the quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and position of the rock's grains |
Igneous | forms when hot, liquid rock cools and solidifies |
magma | hot, liquid rock below ground |
lava | hot, liquid rock above ground |
Extrusive igneous | forms from lava, on Earth's surface, fine grained |
Fine grained | Extrusive igneous rocks' texture; smooth |
Intrusive igneous | forms from magma under Earth's surface, coarse grained |
Coarse-grained | Intrusive igneous rocks' texture; bumpy |
Three ways magma forms | 1) PRESSURE is decreased. This allows the minerals to melt. 2) TEMPERATURE is increased. 3) COMPOSITION is changed. This may change the melting point of the rock, and it will melt. |
Stratification | forming sedimentary rocks (weathering, erosion, deposition, lithification) |
Lithification | compaction and cementation of rock layers/strata * Layers being squeezed together and then glued together* |
3 Types of sedimentary rock | Clastic, organic, and chemical |
Sedimentary rock | contain strata, formed from sediment Formed through stratification |
Metamorphic rock | formed through extreme heat and pressure |
Metamorphism | rocks changing form |
Deformation | rocks changing shape due to stress/bending |
Foliated | metamorphic rock whose minerals are arranged in bands |
Nonfoliated | metamorphic rock whose minerals are not arranged in bands |
Examples of organic sedimentary rocks | Coal and coral |
How are rocks MAINLY classified? | By how they form |
What are two other ways rocks can be classified? | Texture and composition (minerals inside) |
Which rocks can be weathered and eroded? | ALL |
Clastic sedimentary rock | Sedimentary rock made up of rock fragments |