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Maintaining a balanc
Maintaining a balance terminology p2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nitrogeneous wastes | Waste products from metabolic activities involving nitrogen-containing compounds (eg. proteins, amino acids) |
| optimum | conditions at which enzymes work best |
| Trachaeophyta | vascular plants |
| translocation | movement of products of photosynthesis in the phloem of plants |
| transpiration | evaporation of water from the leaf surfaces of plants |
| transpiration stream | movement of water in the xylem tissue |
| urea | breakdown (deamination) of excess amino acids; diluted by water and and excreted and urine |
| uric acid | main nitrogenous waste product of insects reptiles and birds; largely insoluble and excreted as a paste with little water |
| urine | a waste product containing 2% urea |
| vascular bundle | a group of phloem, xylem, and cambium tissue in a stem |
| vascular plants | plants which have conducting vessels, xylem and phloem, including the plants ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms, which belong to phylum Trachaeophyta |
| vasodilation | increase in the diameter of blood vessels to increase blood flow |
| vasoconstriction | decrease in the diameter of blood vessels to decrease blood flow |
| vein | blood vessel which returns blood to the heart |
| xylem | tissue which transports water and minerals upwards from roots to leaves in ferns, cone-bearing and flowering plants (Trachaeophyta) |
| plasma | Liquid part of the blood, making up around 55% in humans, in which materials are dissolved (eg. carbon dioxide, sugars, amino acids) and formed blood elements are carried (red cells, white cells and platelets) |
| platelets | fragments of cells found in the blood which are involved in the clotting process |
| proximal tubule | convoluted tubule between the loop of Henle and Bowman's capsule. |
| Gymnosperms | Cone-bearing plants |
| Haemoglobin | A complex protein molecule found in red blood cells which transports oxygen |
| Herbaceous | Characteristic of a soft plant; having no woody tissue |
| Homeostasis | The tendency in an organism towards maintenance of physiological stability |
| Homeothermy | Maintenance of a stable body temperature independence of changes in environmental temperature |
| Hypothalamus | Area in the brain which acts to integrate the endocrine and nervous systems in homeostatic control of many body functions (e.g temperature regulation) |
| Isotonic | Having equal osmotic pressures |
| organ | functional and structural unit of most multicellular organisms; consisting of at least two types of tissues eg. in plants - roots, stems, leavos; in animals - heart, liver, kidney |
| organelle | any part of the cell which has a specific functional role; in eukaryotic cells, organelles are normally bound by a membrane |
| osmosis | the movement of water from where it is in high concentration to where it is in low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane |
| osmoregulation | the control of water and salt levels |
| phloem | tissue which transports products of photosynthesis (translocation) in ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms |
| pituitary | small structure in the brain which secretes hormones, including ones which control the functions of other endocrine glands (e.g. thyroid gland) |
| Kidney | Organ involved in excretion and osmoregulation |
| Lignin | Material which strengthens and keeps xylem vessels open; the major component of wood |
| Lymphatic System | System of thin-walled vessels and groups of tissue (lymph nodes) which drain fluids from around cells back to the bloodstream (fluid called lymph); the system also involved in the immune response and with transport of breakdown products of fat digestions |
| Malphigian tubules | Excretory organ found in insects |
| Metabolic pathways | Series of chemical reactions, each of which is governed by an enzyme. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are metabolic pathways. |
| Metabolism | All biochemical reactions occurring in the cells of the body; heat is produced as a by-product of metabolism |
| Nephron | Microscopic tubules which make up the functional units of the mammalian kidmey |
| Nervous system | System of nerves and nerve centres in an animal |
| pulse rate | measure of the heart (beats per minute) taken by palpating a position where an artery crosses the bone. |
| rate of reaction | the speed at which a reaction proceeds. It is normally measured as the amount of substate(s) used up or the amount of product(s) formed ina a given amount of time . |
| renal artery | the artery brining blood to the kidney |
| receptor | sensory cell responding to some internal or external environmental variable (eg. cells in the brain responding to CO2 level or temperature of the blood) |
| Respiratory surface | A special surface for gaseous exchange |
| Response | Change in an organism produced by a change in its internal or external environment |
| Stimulus | An environmental factor (inside or outside the body) which is detected by a receptor (e.g. CO2 levels in the blood, temperature of the blood) |
| Salt gland | Structure found in marine birds and turtles which permits excretion of excess salts |
| renal vein | the vein taking blood from the kidney |
| renin | an enzyme found in the stomachs of mammals (especially young), which makes milk go solid (coagulate). It is found in the junket tablets used to make a dessert out of milk and flavouring (sort of yoghurt dessert) |
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MCEBiology
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