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Moduel 4
Vital signs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the normal respiratory rate for a newborn? | 35-40 breaths per minute |
| What is the normal respiratory rate for a child? | 20-30 breaths per minute |
| What is the normal respiratory rate for a teenager? | 16-20 breaths per minute |
| What is the normal respiratory rate for a adult? | 12-20 breaths per minute |
| What are normal vital signs for older adults? | Temp: app.36*C(96.8*F) Heart rate:60-100 beats per minute Respiratory 12-20 BP normally less than 120/80 Pulse oximetry 95-100 |
| Things that could affect patient's vital signs | Time of day, moving from standing to lying, pain, etc. |
| How is body temperature figured out? | Heat produced-heat lost= body temperature |
| Normal body temperatures? | 36-38*C (96.8-100.4*F) |
| How much higher are rectal temperatures than oral? | 0.5*C(0.9*F) |
| How much lower are axillary and tympanic temps than oral? | 0.5*C (0.9*F) |
| What color is oral thermometers? | Blue probe |
| What color is rectal thermometers? | Red Probe |
| What are factors that normally influence temperature? | Age, exercise, hormones, stress, environmental temp., medications, and daily fluctuations. |
| If a patient has a fever how often should you check it after giving the patient antipyretics? | 30 mins after administrating and then every 4 hours until the temperature stabilizes. |
| How fast is an infants heart rate? | 120-160 beats per minute |
| How fast is a 2 year olds heart rate? | 90-140 beats per minute |
| How fast is a teenagers/adults heart rate? | 60-90 teenager and then 60-100 throughout adulthood and into old age. |
| Examples that can increase heart rate | Stress, hemorrhage, changing from lying to standing, and fever. |
| Examples that decrease heart rate | Hypothermia and general atheistic |
| If the patient has been active when should you check the pulse? | 5-10 minutes after exercise |
| If the patient has drank caffeine or smoked how long should you wait? | 15 minutes before assessing |
| What is bradycardia? | When a patients heart rate falls bellow 60 beats per minute. |
| What is tachycardia? | When a patients heart rate is above 100 beats per minute. |
| How is pulse quality graded? | 3+: Full/bounding 2+: Normal 1+: Weak/thread 0: Absent |
| Where is PMI/apical impulse best heard? | At the 5th ICS |
| Where is the angle of Louis? | A bony province just bellow the super sternal notch, |
| What is the respiratory rate for an infant? | 30-50 |
| What is the respiratory rate for an adult? | 12-20 |
| What is ventilation | Mechanical movement of gases into and out of the lungs |
| What is diffusion | movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells. |
| What is perfusion | distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries |
| When does the body use more energy during inspiration or expiration? | Inspiration |
| What factors influence the character of respirations? | Exercise, anxiety, acute pain, smoking, medications, body positioning, and neurologic injury |
| If patients respiratory rate is bellow 12 what is it considered? | Bradypnea |
| If the patients respiratory rate is above 20 what is it considered? | Tachypnea |
| Arterial blood pressure has 2 components | Systolic and diastolic. Remember sit down |
| What is the standard unit for measuring blood pressure | Millimeters of mercury mm Hg |
| What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure called? | pulse pressure |
| What is prehypertension | Is designated for patients at high risk for developing hypertension |
| What is hypertension | Defined as systolic is 140 or greater and diastolic is 90 or greater, or taking antihypertension meds. |
| What is hypotension | systolic falls to 90 or lower |
| What is orthostatic hypotension | It is when a patient gets dizzy or lightheaded when they go from lying to sitting or sitting to standing. |
| What are risk factors for blood pressure alterations | history of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, diabetes, circulatory shock, acute or chronic pain, rapid IV infusions of fluids or blood, increased intracranial pressure, postoperative status, and pregnancy induced hypertenstion |
| What are sign and symptoms of blood pressure alterations(hypertension) | headache, flushing of face, nosebleed, and fatigue of older adults |
| What are signs and symptoms of blood pressure alterations(hypotension) | dizziness, mental confusion, restlessness, pale or dusky , and cool/molted skin over extremities |
| Where can a pulse oximetry be placed on an adult | finger, toe, earlobe, bridge of nose |
Created by:
spilkington11
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