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Biology 111 Ch.1-5
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| inductive reasoning | specific observations to predict specific results |
| deductive reasoning | general principles predict specific results |
| dalton | atomic mass unit or amu, atomic theory |
| cation | positive ion |
| anion | negative ion |
| hydrogen bonds | forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom |
| van de Waals interactions | weak and occur only when atoms and molecues are very close together |
| cohesion | hydrogens hold the substance together |
| adhesion | clinging of one substance to another |
| colloid | a stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid |
| isomers | compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties |
| structural isomers | differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms |
| geometric isomers | have the same covalent partnerships, but they differ in their spatial arrangements |
| cis isomer | two Xs on the same side |
| trans isomer | two Xs on opposite sides |
| enantiomers | isomers that are mirror images of each other |
| hydroxyl group | -OH;is polar and can form bonds with water molecules |
| hydroxyl group | alchols;ex ethanol |
| carbonyl group | >CO;found in sugars |
| ketones | carbonyl group within a carbon skeletonex aceton |
| aldehydes | carbonyl group at the end of the carbon skeletonex propanal |
| carboxyl group | -COOH;has acidic properties and found in cells in ionized form |
| carboxylic acids | organic acids |
| acetic acid | gives vinegar its sour taste |
| amino group | -NH2;acts as a baseex glycine |
| amines | amino group compound |
| sulfhydryl group | -SH, forms cross-linking bondsex cysetine |
| thiols | sulfhydryl group |
| phosphate group | -OPO3,2-;has potential to react with water;ex glycerol |
| methyl | -CH3;addition affects expression of genes |
| carbohydrates | serves as fuel and building material |
| monosaccharides | glucose, fructose |
| disaccharides | lactose, sucrose |
| polysaccharides | cellulose, starch, glycogen, and chitin |
| monosaccharidesand disaccharides | fuel; can be combined to polymers |
| polysaccharides | strengthens cell walls;stores glucose for energy; strengthens exoskeletons and fungal cell walls |
| lipids | diverse group of hydrophobic molecules |
| triacylglycerols | glycerol + 3 fatty acids |
| triacylglycerols | important energy source |
| phospholipids | phosphate group + 2 fatty acids |
| phospholipids | lipid bilayers of membranes |
| steroids | four fused rings with attached chemical groups |
| steroids | component of cell membranes; signaling molecules that travel through the body |
| proteins | have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions |
| proteins | enzymes;structural;storage;transport |
| nucleic acids | store and transmit genetic information |
| ester | Formed by combining an acid and alcohol |
| alpha glucose | starch |
| beta glucose | cellulose |
| primary structure | refering to the specific sequence of amino acids |
| How does the primary structure arise? | the making of peptide bonds between amino acids through condensation |
| Secondary structure | arises from hydrogen bonds that form as the polypeptide BACKBONE folds or coils |
| Tertiary structure | Superimposed on Secondary, arises from the interactions of side groupsof amino acids along polypeptide |
| Quaternary structure | Arises from the assembly of multiple polypeptide subunits |
Created by:
NightKhaki
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