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Nervous system 1

basics

QuestionAnswer
Functions of the nervous system Sensory: detects change tot he internal and external environment (ex: you see a red light) Integration: processes sensory input (ex: red light means stop) Motor: causes a response, activates muscles and glands (ex: muscle moves foot to the brake)
Central Nervous System (CNS) Composed of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Composed of the nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord
Somatic Nervous System Under conscious control (ex: skeletal muscles)
Autonomic Nervous System Under unconscious control (ex: smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, glands)
Sympathetic Nervous System Prepares the body for activity (ex: "fight or flight")
Parasympathetic Nervous System Oversees digestion and gland function (ex: "rest and digest")
Astrocytes (neuroglia) Provide support, regulate nutrients from capillaries, "clean up" excess neurotransmitters and ions. The nervous system's version of scar tissue.
Microglia (neuroglia) Phagocytize bacteria cells and dead neurons.
Ependyma (neuroglia) Lines cavities of the brain and spinal cord, forms a semipermeable barrier between cerebrospinal fluid and brain.
Obgodendrocytes (neuroglia) Provide support to axons and produce Myelin sheath.
Neurons Conduct impulses
Dendrites Receive stimuli
Axon Transmits nerve impulses from the cell body
Myelin sheath Increases the speed of impulse transmission
Node of Ranvier Gaps in the Myelin sheath
Multipolar Have 3 or more processes
Bipolar Have 2 processes
Unipolar Have 1 process that divides into 2 branches
Sensory neuron Conducts impulses from receptors to CNS
Motor neuron Conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles or glands)
Interneuron Found primarily in CNS, links sensory and motor neurons
Created by: usillygoose93
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