Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
4th Quarter : 3
Units 10 & 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neonate | Birth to 28 days. |
| When does the ductus venosis close? | 1 - 2 weeks after birth. |
| When does the ductus arteriosis close? | 3 - 4 days after birth. |
| When does the foramen ovale close? | In first few breaths. |
| There is a slow transition of fetal ___ to adult ___. | Hgb |
| Normal newborn pulse: | 120 - 160 |
| An open ductus arteriosis can cause what? | A murmur. |
| Surfactant develops in utero at __ weeks. | 28 |
| What is needed for alveoli to remain open? | Surfactant. |
| What can slow down the development of surfactant? | Gestational diabetes. |
| Normal newborn RR: | 30 - 60 |
| How long is RR counted in a neonate? | One full minute. |
| Are apneic spells normal? | Yes |
| What is tactile stimulation used for? | Stimulating respiration. |
| A newborn head is __ of it's body size. | 1/4 |
| Things that affect thermoregulation of the newborn. | Surface area to weight ratio. No SubQ tissue. Can't shiver. Large head in proportion to body. |
| How does the neonate stay warm? | Flexed posture. Movement. Brown fat. |
| When is brown fat layed down? | 32 weeks gestation. |
| What is the best mechanism the neonate has to stay warm? | Brown fat. |
| Evaporation: | Baby gets cold due to being wet and air moving across. |
| Conduction: | Baby gets cold due to being placed on cold object. |
| Convection: | Baby gets cold due to a draft or wind moving across the baby. |
| Radiation: | Baby gets cold due to losing it's body heat to a cooler surface that it is close to, but not touching. |
| When does the neonate get weighed and measured? | In the 1st hour. |
| What can result from cold stress? | Acidosis |
| S/Sx of cold stress: | Apnea, cyanosis, bradycardia, tachypnea, lethargy. |
| Result of extreme cold stress: | Coma, seizure, death. |
| What is the normal T for a neonate? | 98 - 99 degrees |
| Where is neonate T taken? | Axillary. |
| What is most often the cause of neonatal hyperthermia? | Iatrogenic |
| What may a hyperthermic neonate be doing? | Hyperventilating (only way to cool itself). |
| Neonate T is low, what do you do? | Take it a total of 3 times, chart the highest, intervene. |
| Neutral thermal environment | No calories are used in keeping warm. |
| The neonate is born with adequate iron stores for how long? | The 1st 6 months. |
| Breastmilk is low in ___ but it is well absorbed. | Iron. |
| Normal blood sugar for a neonate: | 50 - 60 |
| Low blood sugar? | Feed the baby, recheck. |
| When does the neonate have it's own Vit K? | When it's about a week old. |
| How soon is Vit K given? | Within 1 hr of delivery. |
| Where is Vit K given? | Vastus lateralis. |
| Do we aspirate for newborn? | No |
| When do we give Hep B? | Before baby goes home, in opposite leg of Vit K site. |
| How does a neonate get rid of bilirubin? | In it's urine and stool. |
| When a baby is jaundiced it is important to remember to: | Keep the baby eating (keep fluids up), and keep the baby warm. |
| Bilirubin can cause _____. | Lethargy |
| Bilirubin is conjugated by the _____. | Liver |
| Bilirubin is a product of the breakdown of ____. | RBCs |
| Jaundice in the neonate is the result of: | An immature liver and excess dead RBCs. |
| If bilirubin is unconjugated where does it build up? | In fatty tissue. |
| What happens if bilirubin builds up too high? | It crosses the blood brain barrier and is deposited in the brain tissue. |
| Kernicterus | The irreversible brain damage caused by excess bilirubin, levels at or > 25. |
| Physiologic jaundice | Occurs after 24 hr. 70 - 80 % of babies, r/t an immature liver. Peaks at 3 - 5 days. |
| Pathologic jaundice | Occurs in 1st 24 hrs, or persists after day 7. Bilirubin increases more than 0.5/hr & peaks at > 13. |
| What can cause pathologic jaundice? | Rh sensitization. ABO incompatibility. Face presentation. Cephalohematoma. |
| In what direction does jaundice appear? | From head to toe. |
| How do we check jaundice? | In natural light, with cap refill on forehead. |
| Breastmilk jaundice | Peaks at 2 - 3 weeks of life. Not cause for concern. |
| Rule of 20 with pathologic jaundice: | Bilirubin of 20 or greater is bad. |
| What does a bilirubin level of 20 - 25 mean with breastmilk jaundice? | It is fine, no cause for concern. |
| How does light work on a jaundiced baby? | It changes the bilirubin into a form that can be excreted. Only works on the area receiving the light. |
| What are the salmon colored crystals that may be found in a newborn diaper? | Uric acid crystals. They are normal. |
| If blood is found in a girl neonates diaper, what does it mean? | It is normal and is a pseudo menses. |
| How long does it take for meconium to pass through the newborn intestine? | A couple days. |
| What might the stool of a breastfed newborn look like? | Yellow with curds and runny. |
| How many stools can be expected with a breastfed newborn? | 8 - 10 a day. |
| What might the stool of a formula fed newborn look like? | More formed and browner than that of the breastfed newborn. |
| How many stools can be expected with a formula fed newborn? | 1 - 3 a day. |
| How much weight can a neonate lose in the first week? | Up to 10% |
| How soon does the newborn need to have gained back to it's birth weight? | Within 2 weeks. |
| What is a normal weight gain? | 1 oz a day. |
| What is the #1 reason that we promote breastfeeding? | To provide immunity to the baby. |
| Signs of sepsis in a newborn: | Hypothermia, decreased WBC. |
| What is the #1 genetic issue in newborns? | PKU |
| PKU | Lack of an enzyme that allows the breakdown of phenylalanine, allowing it to cross the blood brain barrier and cause brain damage. |
| When is the PKU test performed? | Before going home and again in 10 - 14 days. |
| What can a neonate see? | Things 8 - 10" from the face and mostly black and white. |
| When do babies start to social smile? | Around a month. |
| Newborns are easily overstimulated by: | Touch |
| Infant states | Deep sleep, light sleep, quiet alert, active alert, crying. |
| Deep sleep | Hands together, regular breathing. |
| Light sleep | Eyes flutter, irregular HR & RR. |
| Quiet alert | Attentive, very still, best state to feed. |
| Active alert | Moving around, if don't get what they want, go on to crying state. |
| Babinski | Rub thumb on outside of foot, toes will fan up and out. |
| Term complication | Sepsis |
| Post term complications | Meconium aspiration, hypoglycemia. |
| What is the #1 cause of neonatal moratlity and morbidity? | Pre term. |
| RDS | Respiratory distress syndrome r/t a lack of surfactant. |
| Apnea of prematurity | Forget to breathe. Treated with caffeine. |
| ABC's of preterm respiratory issues | Apnea. Bradycardia. Cyanosis. |
| Preterm babies lack what, in regard to GI issues? | Suck, swallow, breathe coordination. |
| Gavage | Tube (5 French) into tummy to feed preterm baby. |
| A preterm baby has a 15x greater risk for what, than a term baby? | Infection |
| CNS issues in a preemie | Fragile ventricles in brain, can have intraventricular bleeds. |
| ROP | Retinopathy of prematurity. |
| What causes ROP? | An abnormal growth or retinal blood vessels and is associated with oxygen administration. |
| What is used to aid withdrawal of a drug affected neonate? | Morphine, every 3 hours. |
| Cleft lip & palate | D/t teratogen. Palate closes at 4 weeks gestation. |
| Neural tube defect | D/t teratogen. Closes about 4th week of gestation. |
| What are two neural tube defects? | Anencephaly and spina bifida. |
| What is used to screen for neural tube defects? | Quad screen. |
| Pyloric stenosis | Male. At 4 - 5 weeks begins to regurgitate, gets progressively worse. Stops urinating and making stool. SURGERY. |
| Diaphragmatic hernia | Can be small hole or entire diaphragm. |
| What happens if diaphragmatic hernia involves the entire diaphragm? | Lungs will not develop. |
| Infant | 1st year of life. |
| Congenital anomalies will have s/sx of what? | CHF along with squatting after exertion. |
| S/sx of CHF | SOB, murmur, chest pain, cyanosis, enlarged liver, tachycardia... |
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus | Caused by a reopening of the ductus arteriosis after birth, d/t hypoxia. Acyanotic |
| What does the ductus arteriosus become? | The ligamentum arteriosum. |
| Ventral Septal Defect | Hole between ventricles. Acyanotic. |
| Atrial Septal Defect | Foramen ovale not closed, hole between L & R atrium. Acyanotic. |
| Aortic stenosis | Aortic valve is stenosed, gets harder and harder for L ventricle to push blood through to the aorta. Acyanotic. |
| Coarctation of the aorta | Stenosis of the aortic arch. Acyanotic. |
| Transposition of great vessels | Aorta off the R and Pulmonary artery off the L. CYANOTIC even with 100% oxygen. |
| How can the shunts be kept open with transposition of the great vessels? | With prostaglandins. |
| Tetralogy of fallot | 4 different defects in one. CYANOTIC. |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | Causes lungs to become stiff and noncompliant. |
| Signs of a preterm infant: | Little subq fat, thin skin, lanugo, soft ear cartilage, minimal creases in soles & palms, few scrotal rugae, undescended testes, prominent labia & clitoris, flat areola w/o breast buds, heels movable to ears, poor suck-swallow, hypotonic muscles. |
| How often should height and weight be measured in a preemie? | Daily |
| What is the main priority in treating preterm newborns? | Supporting the cardiac and respiratory systems. |
| RDS is characterized by what? | Poor gas exchange and venitlatory failure. |
| Birth weight alone is not an indicator of what? | Fetal lung maturity. |
| A postmature infant may be what size? | LGA or SGA |
| Surfactant lavages may be used to prevent what? | Meconium aspiration. |
| LGA | Weight above the 90th percentile or more than 4000 g / 8 lb 12 oz. |
| What congenital defects can occur d/t uncontrolled hyperglycemia? | Congenital heart defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, and CNS anomalies. |
| Hypoglycemia in newborn: | < 40 |
| Hypoglycemia in preemie: | < 25 |
| If left untreated, hypoglycemia can lead to what? | Mental retardation. |
| SGA | Weight at or below the 10th percentile. |
| How might the abdomen in an SGA baby appear? | Drawn in. |
| What causes an SGA baby to be wide-eyed and alert? | Prolonged fetal hypoxia. |
| What disorders may be caused by kernicterus? | Cerebral palsy, epilepsy, mental retardation, learning disorders, or perceptual-motor disabilities. |
| A baby with kernicterus, left untreated, may display what? | Hyepertonicity with backward arching of the neck and trunk. |
| How often is T checked during phototherapy? | Q 4 hr. |
| What care should be taken when laying a male infant under bili lights? | A surgical mask should be used to prevent possible testicular damage. |
| How often should the baby be removed from the bili lights? | Q 4 hr. |
| How often should the baby be repositioned under the bili lights? | Q 2 hr. |
| Never apply what to a baby under bili lights? | Lotion or ointments. |
| Why is the PKU test less reliable initially? | Because the baby has not ingested sufficient amounts of protein yet. |
| Tracheoesophageal atresia | Failure of esophagus to connect to stomach. |
| Galactosemia | Inability to metabolize galactose into glucose. |
| Why do we supervise the first feeding of all newborns? | To observe for tracheoesophageal atresia. |
| What are signs of a subarachnoid hemorrhage? | Irritability, seizure and depression. |
| What is included in a complete septic workup? | CBC. Blood, urine, and CSF cultures and sensitivities. |
| If a baby appears to be experiencing withdrawal, what should be done? | Blood tests, to differentiate between neonatal drug withdrawal and CNS irritability. |
| For cocaine addicted babies, you should do what? | Avoid eye contact and use vertical rocking & a pacifier. |
| What is the most critical extrauterine adjustment? | Establishment of respiratory function. |
| How soon should a gestational age assessment be performed? | Within 2 hr. |
| How soon should a comprehensive physical exam be performed? | Within 24 hr. |
| Apgar scoring is performed when? | At 1 & 5 minutes. |
| Apgar score of 0 - 3 | Indicates severe distress. |
| Apgar score of 4 - 6 | Indicates moderate distress. |
| Apgar score of 7 - 10 | Indicates no distress. |
| Normal newborn weight | 2500 - 4000 g |
| Normal newborn length | 45 - 55 cm / 18 - 22 in |
| Normal newborn head circumference | 32 - 36.8 cm / 12.6 - 14.5 in |
| Normal newborn chest circumference | 30 - 33 cm / 12 - 13 in |
| What does the New Ballard Scale assess? | Neuromuscular & physical maturity. |
| LBW - Low Birth Weight | 2500 g or less. |
| VLBW - Very Low Birth Weight | 1500 g or less. |
| Postmature | Born after 42 weeks AND signs of placental insufficiency. |
| In what order are VS checked on a newborn? | RR, HR, BP, T. |
| Grunting and nasal flaring are signs of what? | Respiratory distress. |
| Normal BP | 60 - 80 systolic. 40 - 50 diastolic. |
| Oxygen demands _____ when the baby becomes chilled. | Increase |
| When does desquamation (peeling) occur in full-term infants? | A few days after birth. |
| Where can lanugo be found? | Shoulders, pinnas, forehead. |
| Erythema toxicum | Pink rash, appears suddenly during first 3 weeks. No treatment required. |
| How much larger should the newborn head be, than the chest? | 2 - 3 cm |
| Anterior fontanel | 5 cm and diamond shaped. |
| Posterior fontanel | Smaller and triangular. |
| Bulging fontanels may indicate what? | Increased intracranial pressure, infection, hemorrhage. |
| The _____ should be palpable and unjoined. | Sutures |
| How soon should the baby be placed to the breast? | 30 min - 1 hr. |
| VS on a newborn | Q 30 min. x 4, Q 2 hr. x 2, Q 8 hr. |
| When is bilirubin checked? | At 12, 24, 48 hrs. (If baby is still in the hospital). |
| What is the 1st assessment we do an a newborn? | The apgar. |
| What does the apgar test evaluate? | HR, RR, Reflex, Tone, Color. |
| If the baby is pink and screaming we can assume that the HR is what? | > 100 bpm |
| How do we evaluate reflex with the apgar test? | By watching the reaction of the newborn to the bulb syringe. |
| How do we assess HR in a newborn? | Apically for a full minute. |
| Grunting | Heard on expiration as a result of trying to keep alveoli open. |
| Flaring | Inspiratory |
| Retracting | Using accessory muscles to breathe, most commonly the intercostals. |
| What do we do within the 1st hour? | Give erythromycin & Vit K. Perform a head to toe. |
| Syndactyly | Webbing of fingers / toes. |
| Simian | Only 1 crease in the palms of hands. Sign of Down's syndrome. |
| What might it mean if the newborn has a very deep dimple in it's butt crack? | It may have spina bifida. |
| What is the significance of a large number of cafe au lait spots? | It may mean there are birth defects, and is reason for further investigation. |
| Caput | A fluid filled bulge on back of newborn's head. |
| Cephalohematoma | Appears in 1st 1 - 2 days. Does not cross suture line, unilateral, feels hard in comparison to caput. |
| Neck webbing | Associated with trisomy disorders. |
| Macroglossia | Large tongue. |
| Micrognathia | Little chin. |
| Pectus | Caved in abdomen. |
| When should we wear gloves with a newborn? | Before it has been bathed. |
| Ballard exam is used to test what? | Gestational age. |
| What do we need to know prior to giving baby it's Hep B vaccine? | Mom's Hep B status. |
| What do we do if mom is Hep B positive? | Baby will receive 2 injections before going home. |
| Foremilk | What comes out at the beginning of the feeding. High in protein and vitamins. |
| Hindmilk | What comes out at the end of the feeding. High in fat. |
| What do we want to encourage mom to do at each feeding? | Empty both breasts. |
| If introducing formula, when is best? | After 4 - 6 weeks when breastfeeding is well established. |
| Breastmilk develops in relation to what? | The baby's gestational age. |
| Benefits of breastmilk | Immunologic, perfect food, decreased risk of breast & ovarian ca, decreased risk of obesity, high IQ.... |
| Prolactin | Stimulates breast to make milk and provides a sense of well being. |
| We should encourage mom to breastfeed for how long? | 1 year. |
| What are contraindications to breastfeeding? | HIV, drug & ETOH use, chemotherapy. |
| What hormone stimulates letdown? | Oxytocin |
| Where is milk made and stored? | In alveoli. |
| How often will a breastfed baby eat? | 8 - 10 x a day, on demand. |
| How long does it take to empty a breast? | 10 min. |
| When does true breastmilk come in? | 3 - 5 days. |
| The onset of true breastmilk is marked by what? | Engorgement. |
| How long does engorgement last? | About 24 hr. |
| Pumped milk should be used by when? | 24 hours if refrigerated. A couple months if frozen. |
| What do we want to put breastmilk in? | Non glass container, non BPA plastic. |
| What causes a plugged duct? | Stasis |
| If you have mastitis, what should you do? | Keep the breast empty. |
| How many wet diapers should a newborn have? | A minimum of 6 a day. |
| How many stools should a breastfed newborn have? | 8 - 10 a day, initially. |
| Cow's milk formula is high in ____ and low in ____ . | Protein, fat. |
| How often will a formula fed baby eat? | 3 - 4 hrs, on demand. |
| When reheating breastmilk or formula, never use a _______. | Microwave |
| Feeding a formula fed baby in a somewhat upright position prevents what? | Ear infections. |
| When do we introduce baby food? | Between 4 & 6 months. |
| By 6 months, baby needs food that will provide what? | Iron because iron stores are used up. |
| How often is it safe to introduce new foods? | 1 new food every 5 - 7 days. |
| Omit for 1st year: | Milk, eggs, seafood, nuts, honey. |
| When does the pincer grasp develop? | About 9 mos. |
| Every breastfed baby needs supplementation of what? | Vit D, 400 units. |
| Permanent eye color is established when? | Within 3 - 12 months. |
| Why do newborns not have tears when they cry? | Immature lacrimal glands. |
| Low set ears can indicate what? | A chromosome abnormality or a renal disorder. |
| When do newborns develop the response to open their mouths if their noses are plugged, in order to breathe? | Not until 3 weeks. |
| Excess saliva may indicate what? | A tracheoesophageal fistula. |
| Epstein pearls | Small white cysts on gums and junction of soft & hard palate. Normal. |
| Newborn neck | Should be short, thick, have skin folds. |
| Newborn chest | Should be barrel-shaped. |
| Respirations are primarily what in newborns? | Diaphragmatic |
| What size is the newborn breast nodule? | Approximately 6 mm. |
| What shape is the newborn abdomen? | Round and dome shaped. |
| Piaget | Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete, Formal Operations. |
| Sensorimotor | Birth - 2 years |
| Preoperational | 2 - 7 years |
| Concrete | 7 - 11 years |
| Formal Operations | 12 - 15 years |
| Erickson | Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion. |
| Trust vs. Mistrust | Birth - 1 year |
| Autonomy vs. Shame | 1 - 3 years |
| Initiate vs. Guilt | 3 - 6 years |
| Industry vs. Inferiority | 6 - 12 years |
| Identity vs. Role Confusion | 12 - 18 years |
| Immunizations - 2 mo. | Hep B, Rota, DTap, Hib, PCV, IPV. |
| Immunizations - 4 mo. | Rota, DTap, Hib, PCV, IPV. |
| Immunizations - 6 mo. | Hep B, Rota, DTap, PCV, IPV. |
| Growth | An increase in physical size. |
| Development | The behavioral aspect of growth. |
| Development occurs from: | Gross to fine. |
| Developmental tasks | A set of skills & competencies at each stage of development that a child needs to master in order to mature. |
| Stages of development | Infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, later childhood. |
| Infancy | Birth - 12 mo. |
| What development occurs during infancy? | Rapid growth. Maturation of systems. Establishment of trust. |
| Early childhood | Toddler & Preschooler |
| Toddler | 1 - 3 years |
| Preschooler | 3 - 6 years |
| What development occurs with toddlers? | Testing the environment, "No", toilet training, inability to see another's point of view. |
| What development occurs with preschoolers? | Vivid imagination, like routines. |
| Middle childhood | School age : 6 - 11 years |
| What development occurs in middle childhood? | Transition from home to outside world, great intellectual growth, industrious and a need to feel important. |
| Later childhood | Prepuberty & Adolescence |
| Prepuberty | 11 - 13 years |
| Adolescence | 13 - 18 years |
| What development occurs in prepuberty? | Able to think in abstract terms, develop secondary sex characteristics, increased peer influence, developing identity. |
| Patterns of development | Cephalocaudal, sequential, occurs in spurts and lulls. |
| Height | Skeletal growth, can reveal information about nutrition. |
| Weight | Indicator of short term nutrition. |
| When should a baby double it's birth weight? | By 5 - 6 months. |
| When should a baby triple it's birth weight? | By 12 months. |
| For how long do we measure head circumference? | Up to 36 months. |
| When does the anterior fontanel close? | 12 - 24 months. |
| DDST | Denver Developmental Screening Test |
| What are the 4 main categories of the DDST? | Personal/Social, Fine motor, Language, Gross motor. |
| Through play, children learn to: | Control, explore, interact, communicate. |
| Play is a developmental progression | Solitary play, parallel play, associate, & cooperation. |
| Associate play | Preschool age, no rules. |
| Functions of play | Sensorimotor development, intellectual development, socialization, creativity, self-awareness, moral development, therapeutic. |
| When does stranger anxiety develop? | 8 - 10 mo. |
| WCC | Well child check. |
| WCC schedule | 2 wk, 2, 4, 6, 15, 18 mo, 2 yr, yearly. |
| When do we test iron on baby? | At 9 mo. |
| Rotavirus immunization is given: | Orally |
| Main side effects of immunizations: | F, soreness, swelling. |
| Tylenol dosing | 10 - 15 mg / kilo |
| Ibuprofen dosing | 10 mg / kilo |
| Primary teeth begin to erupt by: | 6 mo. |
| When do all the primary teeth come in? | By 2 1/2 yr. |
| When do the secondary teeth start to come in? | 6 yr. |
| What is the leading cause of death during childhood and adolescence? | Injuries & accidents. |
| When does suffocation usually occur? | Under the age of 1. |
| When do poisonings most often occur? | When children begin walking. |
| When are fire/burns most common? | Preschool age. |
| When is homicide the biggest concern? | Adolescence |
| Who does not receive a charcoal/sorbitol mix for poisoning? | Children under 1 y/o. |
| How much do children grow in 1st 6 mo? | 1" per mo. |
| Instead of "Injection, shot, stick" | Little pinch |
| Instead of "Tournequet" | Rubber band |
| Instead of "X-ray" | Picture with a special camera. |
| Instead of "Hospital wristband" | Bracelet |
| Instead of "Stretcher, gurney" | Special bed on wheels. |
| Instead of "Vein" | Squiggly blue line. |
| Instead of "Poke, stick" | Gently glide under the skin. |
| Instead of "Anesthesia, put to sleep" | Sleepy medicine |
| Instead of "EKG electrodes with wires" | Stickers with string |
| Instead of "Pulse oximeter" | Pillow for your finger. |
| Instead of "NPO" | Your belly needs to be empty. |
| Instead of "Operating room table" | Bed. |
| Instead of "Surgery" | Make part of your body feel better. |
| Instead of "Operating room" | Room where we will make your body feel better. |
| Instead of "Blood pressure" | Pump up your arm muscle to see how strong you are, Give your arm a hug. |
| Sensorimotor stage | Physical interaction with the environment. |
| Object permanence | Child realizes an object exists even after they can no longer see it. 9 - 10 months. |
| Preoperational stage | Concepts are concrete. Egocentric. |
| Concrete operations | Increase in concrete experiences. Begin to create logical structures. Some abstract thinking is possible, solve math with numbers. |
| Formal operations | Thinking becomes like an adult. Able think abstractly and perform conceptual reasoning. |
| Piaget | Cognitive |
| Erickson | Psychosocial |
| Psychosocial development describes the development of what? | Personality |
| Trust vs. Mistrust stage: | Maternal influence greatest. Concept present throughout life. Enables formation of healthy relationships. |
| Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt stage: | Self conscience developing. "Can I do it myself?" Imitation. Fantasy play. Determined to use free choice & self-control. |
| Initiative vs. Guilt stage: | Enjoys learning. "Am I good/bad?" Imaginative. Sex role identification. Early morals. Self-esteem. Egocentric still. |
| Industry vs. Inferiority stage: | "Am I successful/worthless?" Education. Enjoys achievement. Develops friendships. Significant relations: school. |
| Identity vs. Role Confusion stage: | Looks important. "Who am I?" Significant relations: peers. |
| How soon should urine pass after birth? | Within 24 hr. |
| Moro | Arms and legs extend symmetrically, then abduct while fingers spread to form a C. |
| Hematocrit | 44 - 46% |
| RBC | 4,800 - 7,100,000 |
| Leukocytes | 9,000 - 30,000 |
| Where do you measure the newborn's head circumference? | At the point of greatest diameter. |
| Where do you measure the newborn's chest circumference? | At the nipple line. |
| In order for newborn genetic testing to be accurate, what must occur? | Infant must receive breastmilk or formula for 24 hr. |
| If treated in the 1st 2 months of life, mental retardation can be prevented: | PKU |
| When performing a heel stick on a newborn, where should it be done? | On the outer aspect of the heel. |
| How deep should the lancet go when doing a heel stick on a newborn? | No deeper than 2.4 mm |
| Bradypnea in a newborn | < 25 / min |
| Tachypnea in a newborn | > 60 / min |
| If chilling is prevented, how soon will baby's T stabilize? | Within 4 hr. |
| When are wristbands applied? | Immediately after birth. |
| What are signs of chemical conjunctivitis after erythromycin ointment is applied to newborn? | Redness, swelling, drainage, blurred vision. |
| AquaMEPHYTON | Vit K |
| Recommended Hep B schedule | Birth, 1 mo, 6 mo. |
| How much do newborn's sleep? | Approximately 17 hr. / day. |
| What position should newborn's be sleeping in? | Supine (Back lying). |
| When can the newborn be bathed? | Once the T has stabilized. |
| When should infants receive flouride supplementation? | After 6 mo. if water is not fluoridated, or baby is breastfed. |
| What newborn temperatures should be reported? | < 97.9 >100.4 |
| When using a bulb syringe, the ___ should be suctioned before the ____. | Mouth, nose. |
| By end of the 1st year, height increases by how much? | 50% |
| When are chest and head measurements equal? | At 1 - 2 years |
| What reflex causes a baby to initially expel food from it's mouth? | The extrusion reflex. |
| At what age / stage do children not understand consequences or empathy? | 2 - 4 / Preoperational |
| What aids in developing a sense of autonomy? | Saying no as little as possible. |
| At the age of 3, how many words should a child be using? | 900 |
| At the age of 5, how many words should a child be using? | 2,100 |
| 7 - 11 year olds begin to problem solve & multi-task during which of Piaget's stages? | Concrete Operations. |
| When does vision mature? | By age 6. |
| DRIHP | Dtap, Rota, IPV, Hib, PCV |
| What is an average weight for a 6 month old child? | 16 lb. |
| What is the average weight of a 12 month old child? | 21.5 lb. |
Created by:
NataschAnn
Popular Nursing sets