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madeline freeman Q2

mmf Q2 genetics

QuestionAnswer
what is the shape of DNA? it is a double helix spiral shape
what are the outsides made of? sugar and phosphate molecules
what are the center pieces and what are the names? nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
what does thymine go with? adenine
what does guanine pair with? cytosine
how does DNA split? the strip unzips in the middle splitting in half. then floating nitrogen bases connect with their pair and sugar and phosphate strips form on the bare side. 2 new strips of DNA
how many pairs of chromosomes does a normal person have? 23
what does the 23rd pair determine? the sex of the offspring, sex chromosomes
what is a females 23rd pair? xx
what is a males 23rd pair? xy
dominant trait is stronger
recessive trait is weaker
genotype set of genes carried by an organism ex. Bb
phenotype the physical appearance of an organism ex. BB is brown hair
homozygous having 2 of the same alleles for a trait, two dominant or two rcessive ex. AA
heterozygous having two different alleles for a trait, one dominant and one recessive ex. Aa
allele one pair of genes that determine a specific trait, can be dominant or recessive
complete dominance the dominant allele masks the recessive one
incomplete dominance when a blending of phenotypes occurs in the expression of a trait in heterozygous individuals. one allele can't mask the other completely so they blend phenotypes
co-dominance when two alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals ex. AB blood type. two different alleles are mixed so they share dominance and make they're own phenotype
polygenic trait when multiple genes make up a trait ex. height
how many chromosomes does a normal person have? 46
y chromosome smaller than x chromosome, mostly carries info of being a guy
x chromosome much larger and carries traits/genes on it
what advantages do girls have over guys girls have two x chromosomes so one can shadow the other and the bad trait won't show, guys only have one so it can't be shadowed
Created by: madelinefreeman
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