Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbiology Exam 1
Microbiology- UALR- Dr. Ali
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The structure of DNA was discovered by __________ | James Watson and Francis Crick (1953) |
| Probably the most studied microbe: | Bacteria |
| Joseph Lister was credited with the implementation of ________ technique. | Aseptic technique (19th century) |
| Collectively microbes constitute roughly _____% of the earth's biomass. | 60% |
| One of the most significant benefits that microbes provide is the ability to synthesize _____ | DNA |
| Who developed the compound microscope? | British Scientist Robert Hooke (17th century) |
| The "father of modern microbiology" | Louis Pasteur |
| Because microbes reproduce relatively quickly they are particularly useful in ________ studies. | Genetic |
| Some of Louis Pasteur's contributions: | Swan-necked flask, pasturization, the fermention process |
| Earth is the planet of _______ | Bacteria |
| Microbiology is: | The study of microbes. The study of organisms so small you need a microscope to study them. |
| A type of virus containing a nucleic acid and lacking a protein covering. | Viroid |
| The theory that states that microorganisms can arise from non-living material. | Spontaneous Generation Theory |
| 2 dimensions of the scope of Microbiology: | The study of the kinds of microbes and the kind of work that microbiologists do. |
| The vast majority of microorganisms are directly or indirectly __________. | Beneficial |
| Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann formulated what? | The Cell Theory |
| The supposed first microbiology course was taught by ________________ ______________ | Robert Koch |
| Robert Koch invented the technique to prepare _____________ _______________ | Pure cultures |
| Robert Koch worked as a _________________ for most of his casreer. | Physician |
| Who developed the simple microscope? | Anton Von Leeuwenhoek (17th-18th century) |
| The tiniest of all microbes: | Virus |
| Compaired to other organisms, microbes have relatively _________________ structures. | Simple |
| Less than _____% of known microbes cause disease. | 1% |
| ___________ ____________ is credited with seeing the first living organism "animalecules." | Anton Von Leeuwenhoek |
| The theory that states that microorganisms can invade other organisms and cause disease. | The Germ Theory of Disease |
| Bacteria do not have a __________ | Nucleus |
| Pasteur aided greatly in the development of ______________ | Vaccines |
| The "swan-necked" flask is associated with ______________ _______________ | Louis Pasteur |
| Most microbes are _____cellular | uni- |
| Francesco Redi devised what experiment to disprove spontaneous generation? | Meat in jars |
| What theory states that cells are the fundamental unit of life | Cell theory |
| A virus that has protein and is lacking nucleic acid: | Prion |
| The smallest chemical unit of matter | Atom |
| 2 or more atoms chemically combined: | Molecule |
| The most common elements in all forms of life: | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in an atom |
| Atomic Weight | Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| Ion | An atom or molecule that had gained or lost one or more electrons. |
| Acid | A hydrogen ion donor (accepts H+ ions in solution) |
| Base | A proton acceptor; hydroxyl ion donor (releases OH- ions in solution) |
| Anion | An ion that had gained an electron, becoming negatively charged. |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons. |
| The key element that all life is made up of: | Carbon |
| Particles too large to form true solutions | Colloids |
| Matter that is composed of one kind of atom | Element |
| Protons and Neutrons are located where? | Nucleus |
| The mass of a proton or neutron is almost exactly equal to _____ | 1 AMU |
| Atoms of molecules are held together by _________ bonds. | Chemical |
| Ionic Bond | Formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions |
| Covalent Bond | When atoms share pairs of electrons |
| Mole | Same as "gram molecular weight," the weight of a substance in grams equal to the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule of the substance. |
| Radioisotopes | Unstable isotopes that emmit subatomic particles and radiation. |
| Atoms of molecules are held together by what kind of bonds? | Chemical |
| Catabolism | The breaking down of molecules (the release of energy) |
| Anabolism | The synthesis of larger molecules (uses energy) |
| Water is a __________ compound and has a high ___________ __________ | Polar; surface tension |
| A pH of "7" is __________ | Neutral |
| A pH above "7" is ________ | Basic |
| A pH below "7" is ________ | Acidic |
| The study of Carbon-containing compounds | Organic Chemistry |
| LIpids are insoluable in ________ | Water |
| Lipids are soluable in _________ | Non-polar solvents |
| Fats consist of ______ and _______ ________ | Glycerol and fatty acids |
| Phospholipids contain a phosphate group instead of a _________ __________ | Fatty acid |
| Steroids have a complex ______-ring structure | 4 |
| Proteins consist of ______ ________ linked by ________ bonds | amino acids; peptide |
| Enzymes increase the rate of _______ _______ in living organisms | Chemical Reactions |
| The simplest of carbohydrates | Monosaccharides |
| The body's primary use for carbohydrates is ________ | Energy |
| Monosaccharides can form together to form ___________ & __________ | Disaccharides; polysaccharides |
| Nucleotides consist of what three parts? | Nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar, and one or more phosphate groups |
| Nulceic Acids consist of lon polymers of nucleotides called ____________________ | Polynucleotides |
| The 2 nucleic acids that are found in living organisms | Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) and Deoxyridonucleic Acid (DNA) |
| Enzymes are protein _________ | Catalysts |
| Viruses have either ______ or ____ but not both. | DNA or RNA |
| Functional Group | The part of a molecule that generally participates in chemical reactions as a unit and that gives the molecule some of its chemical properties. |
| Oxidation | The addition of oxygen or the removal of H+ ions or electrons in a substance |
| Reduction | The removal of oxygen or the addition of H+ ions or electrons in a substance. |
| Monosaccharides consist of: | A carbon chain or ring with several alcohol groups and one other functional group. |
| Several monosaccharides are _________ and they have the same __________ ____________ | Isomers; molecular formula (but different structures and properties) |
| The most abundant monosaccharide | Glucose |
| Monosaccharides can be reduced to become ___________ & _________ | Doxy sugars and sugar alcohols |
| Diasaccharides are formed when 2 monosaccharides are connected by the removal of __________ (dehydration synthesis) _________ bond. | Water; glycosidic |
| Glycosidic Bond | A sugar alcohol/sugar linkage |
| Polysacchairdes are formed when many ___________ are linked together. | Monosaccharides |
| Polymer | A long chain of repeating units |
| Triacylglycerol | A fat formed when 3 fatty acids are bonded to glycerol. |
| The smaller the distance between objects distinguished, the __________ the resolving power. | Greater |
| A numerical measure ofthe resolution that can be obtained with a specific lens | Resolving Power |
| The measurement from crest to crest or trough to trough | Wavelength |
| Resolving power is dependent on the ________ source | Light |
| Constant value for a particular lens | Numerical Aperture |
| The ability of a microscope to differentiate between two distinct structures | Resolution |
| Micrometer | 10^-6 |
| Nanometer | 10^-9 |
| Immersion oil is used to prevent loss of ______ resulting from refraction. | Light |
| Total magnification is ________ lens magnifying power, multiplied by ocular lens magnifying power. | Objective |
| ____________ light is used in Florescence Microscopy | Ultraviolet |
| Electron Microscopy uses a beam of _________ instead of a beam of light. | Electrons |
| Transmission Electron Microscopy is used to see the _________ structures of microbes. | Internal |
| Scanning Electron Microscopy is used to see the __________ structures of microbes. | External/ Surface |
| Cationic dyes are _______ | Basic/positive |
| Anionic dyes are _______ | Acidic/negative |
| Negatively charged bacterial cell walls bind with _________ dye. | Cationic |
| Prokaryotic cells do not have a defined _____________ | Nucleus |
| Eukaryotic cells have a _____ nucleus containing _______ | True; DNA |
| Cell walls provide a characteristic ________; they also prevent the cell from ______ | Shape; bursting |
| 3 Bacterial cell wall types: | Gram positive; Gram negative; Acid-fast |
| Instead of a true nucleus, bacteria have a _________ ________ | Nuclear Region |
| The bacteria's nuclear region is composed primarily of: | DNA (some RNA and protein) |
| Ribosomes consist of __________ and __________ | RNA and protein |
| Flagellum are made up of what protein? | Flagellin |
| Bacteria with one single flagellum | Monotirchous |
| Bacteria with one flagellum at each end | Amphetrichous |
| Bacteria with two or more flagella at each end | Lophotrichous |
| Bacteria that have flagella all over | Peritrichous |
| Bacteria with no flagella | Atrichous |
| Chemotaxis | The movement of bacteria in response to a chemical |
| Phototaxis | The movement of bacteria in response to light |
| Positive Chemotaxis | Movement of a bacterium toward a chemical |
| Negative Chemotaxis | Movement of a bacterium away from a chemical |
| Pili help bacterium _________ to nutrition sources | Attach |
| The type of pili that is associated with bacterial reproduction | Conjugation Pili |
| Eukaryotic cells are more/less complex than prokaryotic cells. | More |
| Psudopodia is the movement of ____________ | Cytoplasm |
| Cell membranes are ____________. (meaning they only allow select material in and out) | Semipermeable |
| Type of cell that have a nucleus and membrane-enclosed structure: | Eukaryotic Cell |
| Carbohydrates are bonded by: | Glycosidic Bonds |
| Lipids are bonded by: | Ester Bonds |
| Amino Acids are bonded by: | Peptide Bonds |
| Nucleic Acid/ Nulceotides are bonded by: | Phosphodiester Linkage |
| Type of cell that lacks nucleus and other membrane-enclosed structures: | Prokaryotic Cell |
| Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells? | In membrane enclosed nucleus |
| Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells? | In nuclear region |
| List the 3 domains: | Archaea Bacteria Eukarya |
| Viruses are _____________ | Acellualr |
| Bacteria have a (large or small) surface to volume ratio? | Large |
| Spherical bacteria | Coccus |
| Rod-like bacteria | Bacillus |
| "comma- shaped" bacteria | Vibrio |
| "wavy-shaped" bacteria | Spirillum |
| "corkscrew-shaped" bacteria | Spirochete |
| Structurally, bacterium consists of what? | 1. Cell membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Exteranl Structures (capsules, flagella, and pili) |
| What nucleotides are found in DNA? | Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine (binding: AT=weaker bond and GC=stronger bond) |
| What nucleotides are found in RNA? | Adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine (binding: AU and GC) |
| The _________ _________ lies outside the cell membrane. | Cell wall |
| 2 Important functions of cel wall: | 1. Maintains cell shape 2. prevents cell from burstin when fluid enters in |
| The single most important component of the bacterial cell wall: | Peptidoglycan |
| Additional molecule found in walls of Gram-Positive bacteria: | Teichoic Acid |
| Teichoic Acid in the Gram-Positive bacterial cell wall probably serves as a passageway for movement of _____ into and out of cells. | Ions |
| Outermembranes are primarily found in what kind of bacteria? | Gram-negative |
| Lipopolysacchride (LPS) is also called: | Endotoxin |
| Part of the outer layer that can be used to identify Gram-Negative Bacteria: | LPS |
| Lipopolysacchride consists of: | Ploysacchrides and Lipid A |
| NADH produces how many ATP? | 3 ATP |
| FADH produces how many ATP? | 2 ATP |
| GTP produces how many ATP? | 1 ATP |
Created by:
BabyNurse17
Popular Biology sets