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Anatomy- Section 2.3
The Musculoskeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Some ____% of the total bone mass is replaced each year by the remodeling process. | 20 |
| The ____ ____ are small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel into the bone itself. | haversian canals |
| An ____ is a bone-forming cell found in the bone matrix that helps maintain the bone. | osteocyte |
| An ____ is a cell that helps in the creation of new bone during growth and bone repair. | osteoblast |
| An ____ is a bone cell that absorbs and removes excess bone. | osteoclast |
| ____ ____ are structures through which blood vessels enter and exit the bone shaft. | Perforating canals |
| ____ is the loss of blood vessels from a body part. | Devascularization |
| A ____ is a hollow shaft found in long bones. | diaphysis |
| An ____ is the end of a long bone, including the epiphyseal, or growth plate, and supporting structures underlying the joint. | epiphysis |
| ____ is having a latticework structure, as in the spongy tissue of a bone. | Cancellous |
| An ____ ____ is a surface of a bone that moves against another bone. | articular surface |
| ____ is a growth zone of a bone, active during the development stages of youth. | Metaphysis |
| The ____ is located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. | metaphysis |
| The ____ ____ is an area of the metaphysis where cartilage is generated during bone growth in childhood. | epiphyseal plate |
| The ____ ____ is also known as the growth plate. | epiphyseal plate |
| The ____ ____ is a cavity within a bone that contains the marrow. | medullary canal |
| ____ ____ ____ is a tissue that stores fat in semiliquid form within the internal cavities of a bone. | Yellow bone marrow |
| ____ ____ ____ is tissue within the internal cavity of a bone responsible for manufacture of erythrocytes and other blood cells. | Red bone marrow |
| ____ is the tough exterior covering of a bone. | Periosteum |
| ____ is connective tissue providing the articular surfaces of the skeletal systems. | Cartilage |
| A ____ ____ is a bone that forms in a tendon. | sesamoid bone |
| ____ are classified according to their general shape. | Bones |
| A ____ is an area where adjacent bones articulate. | joint |
| Types of Joints: ____, ____, ____ | Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses |
| ____ is a joint that does not permit movement. | Synarthrosis |
| ____is a joint that permits a limited amount of independent motion. | Amphiarthrosis |
| ____ is a synovial joint. | Diarthrosis |
| A ____ ____ is a joint that permits the greatest degree of independent motion. | synovial joint |
| ____ is the bending motion that reduces the angle between articulating elements. | Flexion |
| ____ is the bending motion that increases the angle between articulating elements. | Extension |
| ____ is the movement of a body part towards the midline. | Adduction |
| ____ is the movement of a body part away from the midline. | Abduction |
| ____ is a turning along the axis of a bone or joint. | Rotation |
| ____ is the movement at a synovial joint where the distal end of a bone describes a circle but the shaft does not rotate; movement through an arc of a circle. | Circumduction |
| ____ are connective tissue that connects bone to bone and holds joints together. | Ligaments |
| A ____ ____ is the ligaments that surround a joint. | joint capsule |
| A ____ ____ is also known as a synovial capsule. | joint capsule |
| ____ ____ is a substance that lubricates synovial joints. | Synovial fluid |
| The ____ are sacs containing synovial fluid that cushion adjacent structures. | bursae |
| The ____ ____ are bones of the head, thorax, and spine. | axial skeleton |
| The ____ ____ are bones of the extremities, shoulder girdle, and pelvis (excepting the sacrum). | appendicular skeleton |
| Bones of the young child remain flexible and do not reach maximum strength until maturation which is usually completed by ____ to ____ years of age. | 18, 20 |
| After approximately the age of ____, the body begins to lose the ability to maintain bone structure. | 40 |
| Types of Muscle: ____, ____, ____ | Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal |
| A ____ is a small bundle of muscle fibers. | fasciculus |
| The ____ is an attachment of a muscle to a bone that does not move (or experiences the least movement) when the muscle contracts. | origin |
| The ____ is an attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves when the muscle contracts. | insertion |
| ____ is the pairing of muscles that permits extension and flexion of limbs. | Opposition |
| ____ is the state of slight contraction of muscles that gives them firmness and keeps them ready to contract. | Tone |
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