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Intro. to A&P terms
BIO 1107
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ventral cavity | entire front cavity including thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
| abdominopelvic cavity | abdominal and pelvic cavities referred to together |
| pleural cavities | either side of thoracic cavity containing the lungs |
| mediastinum | center of thoracic cavity, containing the esophagus, trachea, larynx, thyroid, parathyroid, & thymus glands |
| pericardial cavity | center of mediastinum, containing the heart |
| dorsal cavity | entire back cavity; contains cranial and spinal (vertebral) cavities |
| spinal/vertebral cavity/canal | follows bones of back, contains the spinal cord |
| cranial cavity region | created by the bones of the skull, contains the brain |
| right hypochondriac region | upper right side of abdominopelvic cavity, contains mainly liver and gallbladder and portions of transverse colon (large intestine) |
| left hypochondriac region | upper left side of abdominopelvic cavity, containing portion of stomach and transverse colon (large intestine), spleen |
| epigastric region | upper center region of abdominopelvic cavity, containing portions of stomach, liver, heart and transverse colon |
| right lumbar region | middle right side of abdominopelvic cavity, containing ascending colon, small intestines |
| left lumbar region | middle left side of abdominopelvic cavity, containing descending colon, small intestines |
| umbilical region | near belly button, cavity contains small intestines |
| right iliac region | bottom right (by hip) of abdominopelvic cavity, containing ascending colon, appendix |
| left iliac region | bottom left (by hip) of abdominopelvic cavity, containing descending colon, portion of rectum |
| hypogastric region | Bottom middle of abdominopelvic cavity, containing reproductive organs, urinary bladder, small intestines, rectum |
| sagittal/median plane | separates right from left |
| Transverse/horizontal plane | separates top from bottom |
| Coronal/frontal plane | separates front from back |
| cranial | toward the head |
| caudal | toward the tail |
| medial | toward the midline of the body |
| lateral | away from the midline of the body |
| proximal | closer to the trunk/torso |
| distal | further from the trunk/torso |
| superficial/external | closer to the surface/shallow |
| deep/internal | further from the surface/further inside the body |
| Parietal membranes | line the cavity wall |
| Visceral membranes | attach to the surface of organs |
| Serous Fluid | watery fluid that bathes most organs (secreted by some membranes) fills in any space between a visceral and parietal membrane |
| Peritoneal/Peritoneum | membrane lining cavity and organs of abdominopelvic cavity |
| responsiveness | ability to sense changes in environment and respond to stimuli |
| respiration | process of using oxygen (or other elements) to release energy from food |
| absorption | passage of substances through membranes |
| assimilation | chemically altering substances that enter the body |
| excretion | elimination of waste products |
| digestion | break down of food for energy |
| circulation | movement of substances throughout body |
| homeostasis | the maintenance of a stable, constant internal environment through negative feedback mechanisms |
| receptors (sense organs & nerve endings) | receives information about the internal conditions and how they differ from the norm (set point) |
| effectors | respond to negative feedback by altering internal conditions & returning the body to normal |
| muscular system function | produces movement |
| urinary system function | removes wastes (urine), balances electrolyte (salt) and water levels |
| respiratory system function | takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide (process called respiration) |
| circulatory/cardiovascular system function | transports substances throughout the internal body |
| Integumentary system function | protection and homeostasis |
| nervous system function | communication between body systems |
| endocrine system function | "middle man" secretes proper hormones based on information received from the brain to maintain homeostasis and life processes |
| reproductive system function | producing offspring |
| digestive system function | break down and absorb nutrients as well as remove waste |
| skeletal system function | support, movement, protection |
| lymphatic system function | blood filtering & immune defense |
| muscular system organs | muscles |
| urinary system organs | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| respiratory system organs | nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm, and lungs |
| circulatory/cardiovascular system organs | heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, and blood |
| Integumentary system organs | skin, hair & nails |
| nervous system organs | brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs |
| endocrine system organs | glands: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal gland, and thymus gland |
| reproductive system organs | scrotum, testes, epididymus, vas deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, penis, and urethra, ovaries, uterus, uterine tubes, vagina, clitoris, vulva |
| digestive system organs | mouth, tongue, teeth, esophagus, salivary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, small/large intestines |
| skeletal system organs | bones |
| lymphatic system organs | White blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, lymph tissues |
| anatomy | study of the shape and structure of an organism’s body and the relationship of one body part to another |
| physiology | study of the functions of each body part including the chemical reactions that occur and how they coordinate to form a living organism |
| Cytology | microscopic branch of anatomy focused on cells |
| Histology | microscopic branch of anatomy focused on tissues and organs |
| Gross anatomy | the study of large and easily observable structures |
| Developmental Anatomy | studies growth and development of an organism through its lifetime. |
| biology | study of life |
| Comparative Anatomy | human body parts are studied with regard to similarities and differences to other animals in the animal kingdom. |
| Systemic Anatomy | study of the structure and function of various parts that comprise a particular organ system. |
| atom | smallest unit of matter |
| molecule | two or more atoms |
| macromolecule | 1,000s of atoms chemically combined |
| organelle | subunit of a cell will a specific job within the cell |
| cell | smallest functional unit of life; groups of organelles working together |
| tissue | groups of cells with similar shape and function working together |
| organ | groups of tissues with a vital role in the body |
| system | groups of organs that work together |
| organism | a living thing made up of many organ systems working together |
Created by:
kcarpenter
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