Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Blood NRTC
Chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the pigment that gives blood it's red color | Hemoglobin |
| What blood cell transports oxygen | RBC- Red Blood Cell |
| What gives the RBC it's ability to transport oxygen and Iron | It's disk shape... Because it contains a small dip in the middle that's great for diffusion of the molecules into it. |
| What is the name of the disease characterized by a sickle shaped RBC | Sickle cell anemia |
| Why does the sickle shaped RBC cause anemia | It doesn't transport Iron well |
| Why is sickle cell more prevalent in African Americans | It is genetic ( it requires the trait from both parents to be passed down to have offspring be affected by it) |
| What are the 4 ribbon-like protein chains found in hemoglobin called | Globins |
| What is the molecule, that contains iron, which binds to globin | Heme |
| How does hemoglobin bind and carry oxygen | One oxygen molecule binds to each heme( there are 4 hemes in each hemoglobin) |
| What is the study of blood | Hematology |
| What is a hematocrit | Measure of RBC - and concentration of hemoglobin |
| Is blood bright red or deep maroon when it is oxygenated | Bright red |
| What molecule is crucial for the production of hemoglobin | Iron |
| About how long does the RBC live | 120 days |
| The way the negative feedback loop is triggered | Oxygen levels fall |
| When the kidneys detect low oxygen they respond by secreting what hormone | Erythropoietin ( EPO) |
| What does EPO stimulate | Bonne marrow |
| When stimulated by EPO what does the marrow do | Begins the process of making new erythrocytes |
| Name of an immature erythrocyte | Reticulocyte |
| How many days does it take for a erythrocyte to mature | One or two days |
| After the Erythrocyte is mature it causes the oxygen level in circulation to do what | Increase |
| What happens when the O2 levels rise | Kidneys stop secreting EPO and RBC production decreases |
| Erythropoiesis is what process | Producing new erythrocytes |
| Moving to higher altitude can do what to RBC count | Increase the count |
| How many days does it take for the process of erythropoiesis | 3-5 days |
| As the aged RBC passes threw the spleen what happens to it | It begins to break down |
| What are two organs involved in breakdown of old RBC | Liver and spleen |
| What is hemoglobin broken down into | Globin and heme |
| What is globin broken down into | Amino acids... That are later used for energy |
| What 2 things does heme break down into | Iron and bilirubin |
| Where are the iron molecules transported to when a RBC is broken down | To the Marrow to be used to create new hemoglobin |
| When heme is broken down... What happens to the bilirubin it contained | It is excreted into the intestines as part of bile |
| What is a buildup of bilirubin | Jaundice |
| Jaundice can result from a buildup of bilirubin and what other complication or disfunction | Liver problem |
| Polycemia is | Too many RBC circulating |
| What is a big risk with polycemia | Thick blood could lead to clots... Cells die... Possible necrosis= lots of pain |
| What is a CBC | Complete blood count... RBC WBC And platelet count |
| What is a CBC with differentiation | It if a CBC plus amount of Kinds of WBC you have... Helps Dr. diagnose disease |
| Abnormal liver function can interfere with.... | Blood clotting |
| To stop bleeding more quickly, from a wound, you can massage ... | The tissues surrounding the wound. |
| Whats the next thing that happens after a blood clot forms in a wound? | The platelets contract, pulling the edges of the damaged vessel closer together. |
| After a damaged vessel has healed what process happens next? | Fibrinolysis |
| Process in which plasmin works to dissolve the fibrin meshwork, and the blood clots break up? | Fibrinolysis |
| The inner lining of undamaged blood vessels that are very smooth | Smooth endothelium |
| Smooth endothelium is very smooth to reduce... | Friction |
| How does smooth endothelium help prevent blood clots? | Helps prevent platelets from sticking and reduces friction |
| The blood normally produces small amounts of ... | Thrombin |
| When blood is circulating normally, the rapidly moving blood stream prevents blood clots by.... | Diluting the thrombin before a clot can form |
| If thrombin has accumulated to the point that a blood clot has developed, what can cause this? | When blood flow has decreased |
| Prolonged sitting or lying can cause blood flow to... | decrease |
| Basophils and mast cells normally secrete which anticoagulant? | Heparin |
| Which anticoagulant prevents blood clots by blocking the action of thrombin? | Heparin |
| Exercise can help normal... | blood flow |
| Normal blood flow is NOT.... | Stagnant or stationary |
| The surface of each RBC carries a protein called.. | Antigen (also called agglutinogen) |
| People with type A blood have Which antigen/s on their RBC's? | A antigen |
| People with type B blood have which antigen/s on their RBC's? | B antigen |
| People with type AB blood have which antigen/s on their RBC's? | Both A and B antigens |
| People with type O blood (have/don't have) antigen/s on their RBC's. | Don't have antigens |
| Type A RBC's have which antibodies? | has B antibodies |
| Type B RBC's have which antibodies? | has A antibodies |
| Type O RBC's have which antibodies? | has A and B antibodies |
| The rarest blood type is.. | Type AB |
| Which blood type is a universal recipient? | Type AB |
| Type AB RBC's have which antibodies? | They do not have antibodies |
| Antibodies are carried by the .. | blood plasma |
| Carries antigens | the blood cell |
| During a transfusion, if a recipients plasma contains antibodies against the ABO type being used, these antibodies will attack the donor's RBC's causing a ... | transfusion reaction |
| Signs and symptoms of a transfusion reaction | difficulty breathing, flank pain, feelings of impending doom, temperature spike |
| First thing you should do when you suspect a tranfusion reaction? | Stop the pump |
| When RBC's clump together, it means that they .. | agglutinate |
| Clumping of RBC's blocks the.. | blood vessels |
| At birth, ABO antibodies are.. | not present |
| Most common blood type | Type O |
| During a transfusion: when a person with Rh-negative blood recieves Rh-positive blooed, their body see's the Rh antigen as.. | something foreign |
| IF a person with Rh-negative blood type is given Rh-positive blood the body develps.. | antibodies against the Rh antigen (anit-Rh antibodies) |
| After a person with type Rh-negative has developed anti-Rh antibodies, as a result of being given Rh-positive blood, what can happen if they encounter the Rh antigen again? | The persons anti-Rh antibodies will attack the Rh antigen being given causing agglutination |
| An Rh-negative mother, during her first pregnany with an Rh-positive fetus, will have a _________ pregnancy. | normal |
| During a 1st pregnancy, an Rh-negative persons body will develop anti-Rh antibodies (during delivery) if the fetus has what Rh factor? | Rh positive |
| A mother who is Rh-negative and on her subsequent pregnancy should recieve what type of injection | RhoGAM |
| If an Rh-negative mother does not recieve the RhoGAM injection, and this is not her first pregnancy what can happen? | Mothers anti-Rh antibodies could attack the fetal RBC's causing agglutination and hemolysis. |
| Immune globulin is also refered to as.. | RhoGAM |
| Prevents the formation of anti-Rh antibodies by the mother, thus preventing an attack on the fetus's RBC's | RhoGAM |
| What are the factors of A- blood | A |
| What are the factors of A+ blood | A and Rh |
| What are the factors of B- | B |
| What are the factors of B+ | B and Rh |
| What are the factors of AB- | A and B |
| What are the factors of AB+ | A, B, and Rh |
| What are the factors of O- | There are no factors |
| What are the factors of O+ | Rh |
| Can a person who is A+ give blood to a person who is AB+ | yes |
| Can a person who is A- give blood to a person who is A+ | yes |
| Can a person who is B- take blood from a person who is AB- | yes |
| Can a person who is AB- take blood from a person who is A- | yes |
| Can a person who is O+ take blood from a person who is A+ | no |
| Can a person who is A- give to a person who is AB+ | yes |
| Can a person who is AB- give blood to a person who is O- | no |
| Can a person who is AB+ give blood to a person who is AB- | no |
| What percentage of your blood is plasma? | 55% |
| What is the key protein in plasma? | Albumin |
| Helps equalize fluid volume in blood | Albumin |
| The 3 formed elements in blood | Erthrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets |
| Clots blood | platelets |
| What are Leukocytes and what do they do? | white blood cells and fight infection |
| What are Erthrocytes and what do they do? | red blood cells and carry oxygen |
| What is Hematocrit? | percentage of RBC in a sample |
| Viscosity | determined by the combination of plasma and blood cells. It refers to how thick or sticky a fluid is' in this case the fthickness or stickiness of blood |
| The main component of plasma is | water |
| WBC and platelets form a narrow buff colored band just beneath the plasma called | buffy coat |
| Plasma without the clotting proteins is called | serum |
| What is the heaviest formed element | Red Blood Cells |
| Formation of blood cells is called | Hemopoiesis |
| Red Bone Marrow produces all types of blood cells, where is red bone marrow found? | found in long bones, flat irregular bones such as the sternum, cranial bones, vertebrae, and pelvis |
| Lymphatic tissues produce | lymphocytes (wbc) |
| Where are lymphocytes produced? | lymphatic tissue, thymus gland, and the spleen |
| RBC's cannot reproduce because they do not contain | nucleolus or DNA |
| All blood cells can trace their beginnings to a specific type of bone marrow cell called a? | stem cell |
| The body has two types of hemopoietic tissue | red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue |
| They deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide | RBC |
| Blood contains more RBC than any other formed element. True / False | TRUE |
| A normal rbc is shaped like a with a sunken center TRUE/FALSE | True |
| RBC are flexible and rubber band like TRUE/FALSE | True |
| When damaged RBC's are removed from circulation the oxygen level | falls |
| Declining levels of oxygen makes the kidneys respond by secreting a hormone called ? | Erthropoietin (EPO) |
| EPO stimulates the red bone marrow to do what? | creating new erythrocytes or RBC's |
| When the number of RBC's increase, oxygen levels will | rise |
| When less EPO is produced the production of what declines? | RBC's |
| How many days does it take for a RBC to mature? | 1 to 2 days |
| What is an immature form of a erythrocyte called when it is release into circulation? | reticulocyte |
| 3 classes of blood vessels: ___, ___ and ___ | arteries, capillaries, veins |
| ___ carry blood away from the heart and become progressively smaller as they branch and finally result in ___. | Arteries, capillaries |
| ___ return blood to the heart and become progressively ___ as they merge and are closer towards it. | Veins, larger |
| How many pathways do end arteries convey? | one |
| Functional end arteries’ anastomosis is so tiny that they can be considered ___ ___. | end arteries |
| ___ vessels supply the same body region and lie next to each other. | companion |
| Both artery and vein walls have 3 layers called ___. | tunics |
| The right AV valve is also called the | tricuspid |
| The left AV valve is called the | mitral |
| The atrioventricular valves flow between the | atria and the ventricles |
| The semilunar valves regulate flow between the | ventricles and the great artery |
| The tricuspid valve prevents back flow from | the right ventricle to the right atrium |
| The mitral valve prevents back flow from the | left ventricle to the left atrium |
| The two semilunar valves are | pulmonary and aortic valves |
| The pulmonary valve prevents backflow from the | pulmonary artery to the right ventricle |
| The aortic valve prevents backflow from the the | aorta to the left ventricle |
| The semi-rigid, fibrous, connective tissue is called the | skeleton of the heart |
| The skeleton of the heart encircles each valve, it also keeps the vales from | stretching |
| The 4 heart sounds | aortic area, pulmonary area, tricuspid area, mitral area |
| Aortic area heart sound is located | second intercostal space, right sternal border |
| Pulmonary area heart sound is located | second intercostal space, left sternal border |
| Tricuspid area heart sound is located | fourth or fifth intercostal space, left sternal border |
| Mitral area heart sound is located | fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line |
| The innermost layer of arteries and veins is called | tunica intima |
| The middle layer of the arteries and veins is called the | tunica media |
| The outer layer of artereis and veins is called the | tunica externa |
| The thickest layer of the vessel is called the | tunica media |
| The layer of the vessel that consists of simple squamous epithelium is | tunica intima |
| The layer of the vessel that is made up of fibrous connective tissue | tunica externa |
| Becomes smaller as they lead away from the heart | veins |
| The 3 categories of arteries | conducting arteries, distributing arteries and arterioles |
| which artery is muscular | distributing |
| which artery is elastic | conducting |
| which artery is resistance vessels | arterioles |
| Which vessel returns blood to the heart | veins |
| Which vessel carry blood away from the heart | arteries |
| Which vessel connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins | capillaries |
| 3 categories of veins | venules, medium sized veins and large veins |
| Which is the smallest of the veins | Venules |
| Which veins have one way valves | Medium sized veins |
| Which veins are porous | Venules |
| How much blood is circulating in the body | 5 liters |
| What are 3 types of granulocytes ( wbc) | Neutrophils,eosinophils,basophils |
| The two Agranulocytes | Lymphocytes and monocytes |
| What wbc is the first one to get to a site of a cut | Neutrophils |
| Biggest WBC | Monocyte |
| WBC involved in allergic reaction | Eosinophils |
| Never let my engine blow | Neutrophils-60, lymphocytes-30, monocytes-8, eosinophils- 3, basophils-0-1 |
| Hemostasis | Formation of a blood clot... When we get cut |
| First step in hemostasis | Vascular spasm- vessel constricts |
| Second step of hemostasis | Platelets rush to area and are caught by the rough area |
| Third step in hemostasis | Formation of platelet plug |
| Last step in hemostasis | Tissue repair |
| Thrombus | Stationary blood clot |
| Mobile blood clot | Embolus |
| Initiated by areas outside the blood | Extrinsic pathways |
| Initiated by factors within the blood itself | Intrinsic pathways |
| Naturally occurring factors that discourage clotting of blood | Smooth endothelium, blood flow, anticoagulants |
| Process of moms immune system attacking her fetus | Eyrthroblastosis fetalis |
| What do you need to give albumin | Signed consent |
| What blood product can be gravity fed | Albumin |
| Are you as the LPN allowed to hang the second bottle of albumin | Yes |
| 55 percent of blood is what | Plasma |
| 45 percent of blood is | Formed elements |
| What is the clear extracellular matrix of blood | Plasma |
| Insoluble protein fibers of blood clot | Fibrin |
| Any of blood ejected from heart in one pump | Stroke volume |
| Percent of blood that leaves the ventricle | Ejection fraction- 60-80 should leave |
| Proprioceptors are found in | Muscles and joints |
| Baroreceptors help do what | Regulate BP |
| Chemoreceptors help maintain | Blood PH |
| What three factors affect SV | Preload ...contractility and afterload |
| Why do veins have the ability to constrict extensively | To prevent back flow and to help regulate blood flow |
| What are the capacitance vessels | Veins |
| What kind of arteries can handle high amounts of pressure | Conducting arteries |
| What kind of arteries go to specific organs or sites | Distributing arteries |
| What arteries connect to the capillaries and are also called resistance vessels | Arterioles |
| What veins collect blood from capillaries | Venules |
| What kind of veins are the radial and ulnar veins... With thicker elastic walls | Medium sized |
| What kind of vein has a thick tunica externa | Large veins |
| Examples of large veins | Vena cava, pulmonary, and internal jugular |
| A weak spot in a vessel that bulges | Annurism |
| Exchange vessels | Cappillaries |
| Also called a microcirculation | Capillary beds |
| How do capillaries usually make the exchange | Diffusion |
| What is used to decrease edema | Albumin |
| What is the path of pulmonary circulation | Unoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle via the pulmonary arteries... Goes to lungs... Comes back with oxygen and nutrients via the pulmonary veins into the left atrium |
| Are lungs nourished by pulmonary circulation | No.. They are nourished by systemic circulation |
| All systemic arteries arise from | The Aorta |
| Largest artery | Aorta |
| Do we palpate radial and pedal pulses bilaterally at the same time | Yes |
| What are we looking for with head injury | ICP... Inter cranial pressure |
| Collection of vessels at the base of the skull | Circle of Willis |
| Where do you find hepatic portals | Liver and kidneys |
| What is the purpose of hepatic portals | Prevent heart infections |
| Three factors that affect BP | Cardiac output, resistance, and blood volume |
| Amount of friction depends upon | Blood viscosity and vessel diameter |
| Vasoconstriction | Increases pressure and decreased flow |
| Vasodilation | Decreases pressure and increases flow |
| Blood velocity is fastest in | The Aorta |
| Blood velosity is slowest in | Capillaries |
| The two ways veins fight gravity... The two key mechanisms | Skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump |
Created by:
Annettekeith
Popular Biology sets