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Int ScienceMidterm
Integrated Science I ST Mid-term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endotherm | an animal that regulates its body temeperature to maintain a constant internal temperature |
| transfer of heat in gases and liquids | |
| ectotherm | an animal whose body temperature can adjust to the environment |
| conductor | material that conducts heat easily |
| thermal expansion | expansion of matter caused by heating |
| specific heat | amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 1 degree |
| radiation | transfer of energy through space |
| potential | stored energy |
| convection | movement of gases or liquids caused by differences in density |
| conduction | process of heat transfer in solids |
| insulator | material that does not conduct heat easily |
| thermal pollution | damage that occurs when waste heat enters the environment |
| law of conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only change form |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| A diver on a diving board has which kind of energy? | gravitational potential energy |
| Which kind of energy played a major role in sculpting the earth's surface? | kinetic energy |
| Who introduced the law of conservation of energy? | Jonas Salk Albert Einstein Edwin Hubble |
| When you turn on a light, electrical energy is turned into light and | heat |
| chemical | energy stored in the head of a match |
| nuclear | energy used to keep protons and neutrons tightly bound together |
| electrical | energy that runs a toaster oven |
| electromagnetic | energy that heats food in a microwave oven |
| heat (thermal) | energy released when you rub your habds together |
| mechanical | energy stored in a spring on a toy car |
| Atomic Number | total mass of protons and neutrons, an average of all an element's atomic mass |
| electron cloud | the area around the nucleus of an atom that contains energy levels |
| neutron | particle has no charge |
| electron | particle that has a negative charge |
| proton | particle that has a postive charge |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| period | horizontal row in the periodic table of elements |
| group | vertical column in the periodic table of elements |
| family | elements that have the same properties, for example: heavy metals that are brittle |
| chemical symbol | shortened way of writing the name of an element |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic mass | number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| isotope | atom of an element with the same number of protons as the other atoms of the element, but have a different number of neutrons |
| atom | smallest part of an element that can be identified as that element |
| ion | a charged atom |
| troposhere | lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs |
| atmosphere | layer of gases that surrounds the Earth |
| sea breeze | a breeze that blows from the ocean to the earth |
| air current | up and down movement of air |
| cellular respiration | process by which cells release energy from food molecules |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants produce food from the sun |
| ultra violet light | harmful sunlight blocked by the ozone layer |
| matter | anything that has mass and volume |
| radiant energy | energy given off by the sun that can travel through empty space |
| oxygen | gas that makes up 21% of the atmosphere |
| nitrogen | gas that makes up 78% of the atmosphere |
| trace gases | gases that make up less than .05% of the atmosphere |
| heat from the earth's surface warms the atmosphere by | radiation and conduction |
| sources of CO2 are | industry, cars, animals (respiration) |
| 2 sinks (resevoirs) of CO2 are | oceans, plants |
| 3 reasons why oxygen is important | photosynthesis, combines with H to form water vapor, cellular respiration |
| biodegradable | material that breaks down easily |
| desalination | process of getting fresh water from salt water |
| conservation | wise use of resources |
| acid rain | rain containing acids produced by water chemically combining with certain gases |
| pollutant | anything that harms the environment |
| geothermal | energy produced from inside the earth |
| hard water | water containing a lot of minerals especially calcium and magnesium |
| wildlife | all plants and animals that live in an area |
| natural resource | material from the earth taht is used by living things |
| solar cells | device that converts sunlight into electricity |
| litter | materials that are carelessly thrown away |
| nuclear | energy produced by splitting or combining atoms |
| environment | everything that surrounds a living thing |
| hydro electric power | electrical energy produced from moving water |
| pollution | harmful substance in the environment |
| smog | mixture of smoke, fog and chemicals |
| soft water | water containing few or no minerals |
| sewage | wastes usually flushed away in water |
| solar energy | energy from the sun |
| recycling | using a natural resource again |
| climate | the average conditions of an area over many years |
| climate change | the change in climate over a long period of time which can range from decades to centuries |
| greenhouse effect | the natural warming of the arth that keeps the planet habitable |
| carbon cycle | the global exchange of carbon among its reservoirs |
| feddback loop | an example of a _______ would be the warming oceans prevent carbon from dissolving causing CO2 buildup in the atmosphere which causes oceans to become even warmer |
| 7 | neutral on the ph scale |
| 5 | rain has a natural ph of |
| global warming | which effect is NOT caused by acid rain |
| eutrophication | the build up of nutirents in lakes that causes green algae to grow out of control |
| mercury | a poisonous element that pollutes water and builds up in fish |
| Carbon Dioxide, CO2 | an increase in this gas causes air temperatures to rise |
| renewable resource | an energy resource that can be reused |
| nitrogen fixing bacteria | nitrogen would not be available for plants to take up without |
| industrial chemicals such as CFCs | cause the destruction of ozone |
| carbon Dioxide, CO2 | the burning of fossil fuels releases which gas into the air? |
| seasons, temperature, moisture and weather | what four factors affect climate? |
| eccentricity, procession, axial tilt | what three factors makeup the Milankovitch Cycle? |
| CFCs, CO2 and tractor trailer trucks | what causes acid rain? |
| nitrogen oxide, CFCs | what two gases are released into the air that causes acid rain? |
| CO2, methane, water vapor | what are three main greenhouse gases? |
| increases temperatures | what effect do greenhouse gases have on temperatures? |
| sea level rise, severe weather, disease, drought | two effects of global warming are |
| greenhouse gases naturally blanketing the earth | the greenhouse effect is caused by |
| increase | water is a greenhouse gas so it causes temperatures to |
Created by:
ldorso
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