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Japanese Particles
Japanese for Busy People I - Particles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Watashi ( ) Sumisu desu. | wa - topic marker |
| Sumisu-san ( ) ashita Kyooto ni ikimasu. | wa - topic marker |
| Nozomi Depaato ( ) Tanaka desu. | no - belonging, affiliation (I'm Tanaka with Nazomi Dept. Store) |
| Watashi ( ) meishi desu. | no - my or mine (my business card) |
| Watashi ( ) desu. | no - my or mine (mine) |
| Nihon ( ) kuruma desu. | no - country or origin (Japanese camera) |
| Kyooto ( ) shisha ni ikimashita. | no - belonging, affiliation (Kyoto branch office) |
| Teeburu ( ) ue ni hana to shimbun ga arimasu. | no - placement (on top of the table) |
| Raishuu ( ) kin-yoobi ni Nihon ni kimasu. | no - used to connect two points of time (next Friday) |
| Kaigi ( ) ato de Sapporo-shisha ni ikimasu. | no - used with before and after (before the meeting) |
| Tsugi ( ) shingoo o migi ni magatte kudasai. | no - used for directions for next (next traffic light) |
| Tomodachi ( ) Hofuman-san ni moraimashita. | no - appositve (my friend Ms. Hoffman) |
| Watashi ( ) sukina iro desu. | no - my or mine (my favorite color) |
| Sumisu-san wa Amerika-jin desu ( )? | ka - question marker |
| Bengoshi desu ( ), enjinia desu ( )? | ka - question marker |
| Donata desu ( )? | ka - question marker |
| Soo desu ( ). | ka - (is that so?) |
| 10-ji ( ) desu. (opening time) | kara - opens, from (opens at 10:00) |
| Honkon ( ) imashita. | kara - from (from Hong Kong) |
| Tookyoo ( ) Nikkoo made densha de 1-jikan han kakarimasu. | kara - from, travel time (from Tokyo to Nikko) |
| 2-kai ni resutoran ga arimasu ( ), resutoran de shokuji o shimasen ka. | kara - because (used at the end of the first clause where the second clause expresses the reason why) |
| 8-ji ( ) desu. (closing time) | made - closes, until (closes at 8:00) |
| 10-ji kara 8-ji ( ) desu. | made - until (opens from 10am until 8pm) |
| Sore ( ) kudasai. | o - direct object marker (I'll take that one) |
| Kabuki ( ) mimasu. | o - direct object marker (I watch Kabuki) |
| Benkyoo ( ) shimasu. | o - connects nouns with verbs (I did studying) used with mimasu, yomimasu, nomimasu, kaimasu, etc. |
| Tsugi no shingoo ( ) migi ni magatte kudasai. | o - particle indicating a point of passage, before L/R (Next stop light turn right please.) |
| Are ( ) 3000-en desu. (also) | mo - too, also, either; used in both affirmative and negative senences (That one is also 3,000 yen.) |
| Sampuru no shashin ( ) okutte kudasai. (more) | mo - another request for more (Also, please send photographs of the samples.) |
| Teeburu no ue ni nani ( ) arimasen. | mo - "nothing" when in between nani (what) and arimasen (does not exist) (There is nothing on top of the table.) |
| Hitori ( ) kimasu ka. | hitori de - alone, by one person |
| Takushii ( ) kimashita. | de - by, means of conveyance (I came by taxi.) |
| Sumisu-san wa kinoo resutoran ( ) ban-gohan o tabemashita. | de - at, location where an action takes place (Yesterday, Mr.Smith ate dinner at a restaurant. |
| Do-yoobi ni Asakusa ( ) o-matsuri ga arimasu. | de - at, the place where an event happens (usually paired with arimasu) (I'll be going on Saturday to a festival at Asakusa). |
| Sumisu-san wa kinoo paatii no ato ( ) takushii de kaerimashita. | de - after (phrase no ato de) |
| Katarogu o sugu meeru ( ) okutte kudasai. | de - by, means of telecommunication or post (paired with okurimasu) (Please send me the catalogue by email right away.) |
| Chan-san wa kinoo tomodachi ( ) resutoran ni ikimashita. | to - with, together with (Ms. Chan went to a restaurant with a friend yesterday.) |
| Teeburu no ue ni shimbun ( ) hana ga arimasu. (and) | to - and; used with non-animate things/ arimasu (The newspaper and flowers are on top of the table.) |
| Dono densha ( ) ikimasu ka. | ga - subject marker used to state a thing or person exists in a particular location |
| 1-kai ni ginkoo ( ) arimasu. | ga - subject marker used to state a thing or person exists in a particular location. |
| Uketsuke ni onna no hito ( ) imasu. | ga - subject marker used to state a thing or person exists in a particular location. |
| Moshimoshi, Chan desu ( ), ohayoo gozaimasu. | ga - conjunction that joins two clauses. A courteous hesitation indicating the phrase before is merely preliminary to the principal matter. |
| Sumisu-san wa ashita ginkoo ( ) ikimasu. | ni - to; indicates a direction of movement, used with verbs ikimasu, kimasu, kaerimasu. |
| Hikooki wa 10-ji han ni Sapporo ( ) tsukimasu. | ni - at; indicates point of arrival or a location toward which an action such as going, coming, entering, or boarding is directed. |
| 3-gatsu 26-nichi ( ) Igirisu kara kimashita. | ni - on; used with specfic time expressions |
| Uketsuke ( ) onna no hito ga imasu. | ni - at; existence in or at a place is indicated by the particle ni. |
| Sumisu-san wa ashita tomodachi ( ) aimasu. | ni - at, on, in; as an object marker, indicates a person or thing an action is directed at. |
| Sumisu-san wa tomodachi( ) denwa o shimasu. | ni - as an object marker, indicates receiver or an action. |
| Chan-san wa Sumisu-san ( ) hana o moraimashita. | ni - to; indicating giver/receiver |
| Kaban no naka ni kagi ( ) hon ga arimasu. (more than 2 things) | ya - and; used when listing two or more things or implying the existence of others. |
| Kaigi wa 3-ji kara desu ( ). | ne - comes at the end of the sentence or phrase and is like "isn't it?" in English |
| Nihon no supa desu ( ). | yo - particle used at the end of the sentence to call attetion to information the speaker thinks the other person doesn't know. |
Created by:
Nolin
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