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Hydrology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polar | Has a positive Hydrogen end and negative Oxygen end |
| Solvent | Water dissolves more substances than any other solvent |
| cohesion | Water molecules are attracted to each other because they are polar |
| Surface tension | Cohesion (water molecules are attracted to each other because they are polar) across the surface of the water |
| Adhesion | Water molecules attracted to other types of molecules |
| Capillary action | Adhesion that enable water to move |
| Saturated: | Full will not absorb any more solvent |
| Groundwater | Water that is found beneath the Earth's surface, between soil or rock particles. |
| Hydrosphere | all the water on Earth /Water that is found beneath the Earth's surface, between soil or rock particles. |
| Ocean Basin | area covered by ocean water |
| River Basin/ Watershed | the drainage area of a river |
| Solvent | the substance in a solution present in the greatest amount. This is the "dissolver" |
| Surface Water | Water found above ground that moves into river basins. |
| Water Cycle | The cycle through which water moves around the Earth, changing both its phase (between solid to liquid to gas) and its location (in the oceans, in clouds, in streams and lakes, and in groundwater). |
| Wells | hole that is dug or drilled through the ground to an aquifer in order to obtain groundwater |
| Bioindicators- | Insects that are studied to indicate the quality of water such as water flow, pollution, and vegetation. |
| Biological Factors | Components of a water system that indicate the health of the water. Living organisms in the water indicate the health of the water, depending on the use of the water. |
| Dissolved Oxygen | The amount of gaseous oxygen dissolved in water. |
| Nitrate | A molecule composed of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. Nitrates are often found in fertilizers. |
| pH | A measure of acidity. pH of 1-6 is acidic, 7 is neutral, and 8-14 is basic. |
| Phosphate | A molecule composed of a 1 atom of phosphorous and 4 atoms of oxygen. Phosphates in water can stimulate growth of producers. |
| Physical Factors | Physical components that indicate the health of a water source, including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrates, phosphates, and turbidity |
| Potability | Water pure enough to drink |
| Salinity | A measure of dissolved salts in water. |
| Turbidity | The measure of clarity of water |
| Drinking Water Standards | Benchmarks established to determine the quality of water |
| Intolerant Organism | Organisms that are highly sensitive to pollution |
| Monitor | To observe, record, or detect with instruments that have no affect on the operation or condition |
| Non-point source pollution | Both the water and air pollution from diffuse (spread out or disseminating) sources, |
| Point-source pollution | The specific place or thing that can be identified as a source of a specific water contamination |
| Solvent | A liquid, solid, or gas that dissolves another liquid, solid, or gas. |
| Stewardship | The act of being responsible for overseeing and protecting, caring for, and preserving something. |
| Tolerant Organism | Organisms that will be found in polluted as well as clean water sources |
| Water quality | The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. The measure of the conditions of water relative to the requirements for human usages. |
| Water treatment | The process used to remove contaminants from water to make it usable by humans |
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