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Bio test one

DNA and Cell Cycle

QuestionAnswer
What are the three things that make up DNA? Ribose Sugar Phosphate Group Nitrogen Base
Which type of nitrogen bases contain double ringed bases and what are they called? Purines Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidines contain what kind of ringed bases? Single
How many bonds are shared between Guanine and Cytosine? 3 hydrogen bonds
List the steps of the cell cycle in order. G1-phase S-phase G2-phase Mitosis Cytokinesis
In which phase are DNA replicated? S-phase
What happens in G2-phase? proliferation of organelles
When cells are no longer dividing they enter what phase? Go-phase
What enzyme "unzips" DNA? Helicase
What enzyme is the DNA maker? DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase works in what direction? 3' to 5'
DNA ligase has to join what together? Okazaki fragments
What does semi conservative mean? Each strand has half of the original genetic material.
List the phases of Mitosis in order. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
In which phase are nuclear membranes dissolved and the spindle apparatus forms? Prophase
What happens in metaphase? The duplicated chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
In which phase are the chromosomes pulled apart by the spindle apparatus? Anaphase
In which phase do we undo everything that happens in prophase? Telophase
What is the connector in the middle of a chromosome? Centromere
What is the name of the protein complex to which the spindle apparatus connects to the spindle apparatus? Kinetochore
What are two chromatids together called? Sister Chromatid
What is formed in animals during anaphase? Cleavage Furrow
In what phase in plants are cell plates formed? Telophase
What is the name of the proteins that regulate the cell cycle? Cyclins
What give ATP to enzymes involved in a given phase? Kinases
In what phase are S-phase cyclins made? G1-phase
What do the S-phase cyclins do next? Bind to S-phase kinases
What happens in G1 arrest? Check DNA for errors
What protein detects DNA damage? p53
What does p53 do? Inhibits s-phase cyclin complexes from forming
In what phase are unduplicated DNA checked? S-phase
In what arrest phase is DNA rechecked for errors? G2 arrest
What is checked for in M-arrest? spindle apparatus errors
How is polymerase effective? (two reasons) It can exhibit proofreading capabilities and correct its own mistakes
What happens first in base-exision repair? The bad area is bound to by recognizer proteins.
What enzyme pulls off bad DNA? Glycosylase
What are the final steps of base-exision repair? DNA polymerase puts correct DNA in and ligase binds it to the original strand.
Created by: moelk617
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