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G.I. System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Parotid salivary glands | located below the ears |
| Submaxillary (submandibular) salivary glands | located at the base of the jaw on the medial edge |
| Sublingual salivary glands | located on either side, below the tongue |
| Saliva | 1) Water 2) Mucin - lubrication 3) Bicarbonate - keep mouth pH near neutrality 4) Salivary amylase - enzyme to break down starch |
| Buccal cavity | empty space in mouth Hard and soft palates |
| Pharynx | Open space behind the buccal cavity Soft palate to larynx/esophagus Joint passageway for food/drink and air Digestive and respiratory system |
| Larynx | Respiratory tract between the pharynx and trachea Vocal cords and thyroid cartilage and epiglottis |
| Trachea | Transports air from the larynx to the bronchi Pale to white in color Cartilage rings |
| Esophagus | Dorsal and parallel to trachea Carries ingested food from pharynx to the stomach |
| Pleura | Membrane lining the walls of the thoracic cavity and surrounding the lungs. Cushions and lubricates |
| Lungs | Organs dorsal to the heart |
| Heart | Located caudally to the larynx and ventrally to the lungs |
| Pericardium | Membrane surrounding the heart Functions to contain heart |
| Diaphragm | Skeletal muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| Peritoneum | Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and surrounds the vital organs |
| Liver | Maintain levels of nutrients in the blood Secretion of bile |
| Gall bladder | Stores and excretes bile. Under right lobe of liver |
| Stomach | Produces hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the enzyme pepsinogen to begin digestion of proteins |
| Greater omentum | Part of the peritoneum |
| Spleen | Located to the left of the stomach 1) largest lymphatic organ / production of lymphocytes 2) It removes old and damaged erythrocytes, recycling the components for other uses |
| Pancreas | Found in duodenal loop of S.I. endocrine functions - secretes hormones insulin and glucagon exocrine functions - secretes digestive enzymes |
| Small intestine | Digestion of foodstuffs and absorption of the digestive products |
| Duodenum | Beginning of small intestine |
| Jejunum | Middle portion of small intestine - longest |
| Ileum | Last portion of small intestine ileocecal valve |
| Mesentery | The folds of the peritoneum that connect and anchor the small intestine |
| Hepatic portal system | -- |
| Large intestine | -- |
| Anus | -- |
| Kidney | -- |
| Urinary bladder | -- |
Created by:
bubbagum
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