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DNA Structure Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
chromitid | one of the two strands of a chromosome that becomes visible during meiosis or mitosis. |
chromosome | in a eukarotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protien;in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA. |
chromosomal mutation | Change in the chromosome structure, resulting in new gene combinations, Mutation that occurs at the chromosome level resulting in changes in the gene distribution to gametes during meiosis; caused when parts of chromosomes break off or rejoin incorrectly |
DNA Replication | the process of making a copy of DNA. |
Gene sequence | the sequence of genes in a DNA strand. |
gene mutation | A change in the sequence of the bases in a gene, which changes the structure of the polypeptide that the gene codes for. |
karyotype | an array of the chromosomes found in an individual's cells at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size. |
DNA Ligase | An enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA polynucleotide strands. |
DNA polymerase | ... |
Double Helix | A model of DNA that is composed of two nucleotide chains that wrap around each other to form a double spiral similar to a spiral staircase |
Frameshift mutation | A change in the genetic material that involves the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a gene, resulting ina change in the triplet grouping of nucleotides. |
Genetic Code | The set of rules that dictates the amino acid translations of each mRNA nucleotide triplet. |