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INC1 Module 4
Integrated Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Structure of an atom | electrons, neutrons and protons. Nucleus is Neutrons and Protons; Electrons float |
| What makes an atom radioactive | an unstable nucleus - too many or not enough neutrons in the nucleus |
| What is an alpha particle | two protons and two neutrons (helium atom); they are double positive. Lots of energy, can cause surface damage. |
| What is a beta particle | an electron ejected from a nucleus; -1 charge; very fast, very small; can penetrate low mass material |
| What is gamma ray | an electromagnetic wave emitted from an unstable nucleus; no mass, no electrical charge |
| Source of radiation | elements with an atomic number greater than 82; they emit alpha, beta and gamma ray |
| Strong nuclear force | allows like charged protons to remain close together; very strong over short distances |
| Electrical force | repulsive force; like charges repel and opposite charges attract |
| How does size of the atom affect the strength of strong nuclear force and electrical force | the bigger the atom the more "force" |
| What is E=mc2 | Energy = mass x speed of light squared; its key to why/how energy is release in nuclear reactions |
| What happens to the mass per nucleon in uranium when it is split into smaller nuclei | the nucleons lose mass during transition from being a uranium nucleus to being a fragment |
| Nuclear fussion and affect on mass | a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy; combining of nuclei |
| General composition of stars | Hydrogen (H), Helium (He) a small traces of heavier chemical elements |
| How stars differ in brightness and color | luminosity, temp (blue = hottest, red = coolest); distance may also affect |
| Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram, what is it | graph plotting luminosity and temp; |
| Main sequence star (H-R) | Middle age, normal star undergoing nuclear fusion of H to He [our sun] |
| Red giant (H-R) | Aging, large; relatively low surface temp; burning He in its core and its temp rises [will be or sun] |
| White dwarfs (H-R) | Dead; used upon it He and its outer layers escape into space; dense contracting core |
| Stages of low mass stars | Protostar, Stellar Nebulla, Main Sequence (Average Star), Red Giant, Planetary Nebula, White Dwarf |
| Stages of a high mass star | Protostar, Stellar Nebulla, Massive Star, Red Supergiant, Supernova and either a Neutron Star or Black Hole |
| Gravitational collapse | is the inward fall of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity which tends to draw the object toward its center of mass |
| Protostar | a contracting cloud of gas and dust; early stage of a star |
| Hydrogen burning star | main sequence star; H fuses to make He |
| Helium burning star | fusion of He and C (carbon) |
| Nova/Supernova | implosion of a star under its own gravitational forces occurs when internal temp drops significantly |
| Neutron star | the remains of high-mass stars after a Supernova |
| Black holes | A star in which matter is condenses and its gravity field is so strong that light can't escape |
| Super Giant (H-R) | Elderly star |
| Org of Solar system | Sun, Venus, Earth, Mars, Astroid Belt, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto Kuiper Belt, Oort Cloud |
| Smallest planet | Mercury |
| Planet that spins backwards | Venus |
| Largest planet | Jupiter |
| Lowest density planet | Saturn |
| Planet with a tilted axis | Uranus |
| Planet made of rock and ice; on a different elliptical path | Pluto |
| Structure of the sun from center | core, radiation, convection, photosphere, corona, chromosphere |
| Terrestrial planets | small, solid, rocky and dense |
| Jovian planets | large, gaseous, have many rings; composed of mostly H and He |
| Big bang theory | Idea that the physical universe began with primordial explosion; marks the beginning of space and time |
| Hubble's law and Big Bang Theory | a relationship between distance of object from earth and rate which it is receding; that galaxies move apart faster the further away they are. |
| Cosmic background radiation and Big Bang Theory | Faint radiation that is a result of the universe cooling itself |
| Doppler red shift and Big Bang Theory | in light we get from galaxies proof the universe is still expanding; visible light is stretched out which means there is increase distance between us and other galaxies |
| Element abundance and Big Bang Theory | Calc shows ratios of elements could only have been made in a universe that began in hot sea of radiation and elementary particles |
Created by:
kmac3936
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